1. Dr. Shaikh Mujeeb Ahmed Assistant Professor AlMaarefa College
Plasma Protein
HMIM BLOCK 224
Dr. Shaikh Mujeeb Ahmed
Assistant Professor
AlMaarefa College

2. Objectives Describe the composition of blood.
Enumerate different plasma proteins.
Explain the functions of plasma protein.
Correlate the changes in plasma proteins with the clinical conditions.

3. BLOOD Two parts Represents about 8% of total body weight
Average volume
5 liters in women
5.5 liters in men
Two parts
Plasma (55%)
Cells (45%)

4. BLOOD
Consists of 3 types of specialized cellular elements suspended in plasma (liquid portion of blood)
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells
Important in O2 transport
Leukocytes
White blood cells
Immune system’s mobile defense units
Platelets
Cell fragments
Important in hemostasis

5. Blood Composition

6. FUNCTIONS Transport of Defense against infection Maintenance of
Respiratory gases (O2 & CO2)
Nutrients
Metabolites
Hormones
Defense against infection
Maintenance of
Body temperature
Acid-Base balance
Fluid-Electrolyte balance

7. Plasma Constituents Example Electrolytes Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3 - Proteins
Albumin, Globulin, Amino acids
Carbohydrates
Glucose
Lipids
Cholesterol, fatty acids
Minerals
Ca2+, PO43-
Enzymes
Alkaline Phosphatase, amylase
Metabolites
Bilirubin, urea, uric acid, creatinine

8. Types of Plasma Proteins
Average concentration
Albumin
4.8 g/100ml
Globulins
2.3 g/100ml
Fibrinogen
0.3 g/100ml
Total
7.4 g/100ml

9. Properties of Plasma Proteins
Separated from plasma by ultracentrifugation
They are unable to pass across the capillary membrane consequently exerting an colloidal osmotic pressure of 25mmHg
Blood viscosity
Due to presence of polar residues like NH3+ and COO- - show electrophoretic mobility
Acts a Buffers

10. Functions of Plasma Proteins
Two general functions
Retaining fluid portion of blood in capillaries
Buffering body fluids
Specific functions of plasma proteins
Nutrients
Enzymes
Hormones
Antibodies
Clotting and fibrinolytic factors
Carrier molecules
Scavengers

11. Examples of plasma protein and their functions
Lipoprotein
Nutrients
Alkaline Phosphatase, amylase
Enzymes
Angiotensin
Hormone
γ - Globulin
Antibodies
Fibrinogen, prothrombin
Clotting factors
Albumin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin
Carriers
Gelsolin, Gc protein
Scavengers

12. Albumin Synthesized in liver
10-12 gms each day and half life is 20 days.
Exerts about 80-90% of the plasma colloid osmotic pressure.
It forms about 60% of total plasma protein.
Decrease in albumin – hypoalbuminaemia.
Fluid leaves the circulation- edema
Cause: malnutrition, liver disease, kidney disease
Function: transportation of Ca++, bilirubin

13. Globulins Subdivided into α 1, α 2, β and γ
Alpha and beta globulins are synthesized in liver.
γ- gamma globulins are synthesized in reticuloendothelial system by plasma cells.
Alpha globulin transport lipoproteins, lipids, hormones(cortisol binding globulin, thyroid binding globulin and bilirubin.
Beta globulin transport lipids, cholesterol, iron and copper.
Gamma globulins (immunoglobulins) all the known antibodies are γ globulins.

14. Fibrinogen
As clotting factor
Provide viscosity to the blood

15. Summary

16. Plasma Plasma proteins Compose 6% to 8% of plasma’s total weight
3 groups of plasma proteins
Albumins
Most abundant plasma proteins
Globulins
3 subclasses
Alpha (α)
Beta (β)
Gamma (γ)
Fibrinogen
Key factor in blood clotting

17. Plasma Constituent Functions Water (makes up 90% of plasma)
Transport medium, carries heat
Electrolytes
Membrane excitability; osmotic distribution of fluid between ECF and ICF; buffer pH changes
Nutrients, wastes, gases, hormones
Transported in blood; blood gas CO2 plays role in acid-base balance
Plasma proteins
In general, exert an osmotic effect important in distribution of ECF between vascular and interstitial compartments; buffer pH changes
Albumins
Transport many substances; contribute most to colloid osmotic pressure
Alpha and beta globulins
Transport many water-insoluble substances; clotting factors; inactive precursor molecules
Gamma globulins
Antibodies
Fibrinogen
Inactive precursor for the fibrin meshwork of a clot