1. Bell Activity Answer in your journal. What do scientist look for in oceans today?

2. Age of Exploration History of Oceanography Part 4 1700-1900

3. Benjamin Franklin Mid to late 1700s Not only was Benjamin Franklin a founding father of our country, he made a great deal of observations of ocean currents of the coast of the US. He particularly studied the Gulf Stream (fast moving current of warm surface water that sweeps up from Florida). His documentation improved of mail and goods as ships moving north could save a lot of time by using it.

4. Charles Wilkes Early United States Expedition (1820s-1840s) Proved the existence of Antarctica

5. Charles Darwin England 1809-1882 Sailed on the HMS Beagle as an unpaid naturalist. Studied many different species of animals across the world and compared the animals. Wrote the book “On the Origin of Species” and became the father of evolution although he never used the word “evolution” in his book.

6. John Murray The Challenger Expedition (Britain) Began modern oceanography (1872-1876) Led an expedition to specifically gather data on a wide range of ocean features including ocean temperature, seawater chemistry, currents and marine life and the geology of the sea floor. His main discovery was that they found the deepest part of the ocean- The Marianas Trench in the western Pacific. The data – Crew: 243 – Scientist: 6 – Years of exploration: 4 – # of new species found: 4,700.

7. Matthew Maury Mid to late 1800s. Worked for the US Navy He found a lot of records about the ocean that had never been compiled and compared. He became the father of studying the ocean (oceanography) greatly increasing our knowledge of prevailing winds and surface currents. He produced the 1 st modern oceanography textbook.

8. Oceans as a Battlefield Oceans have always played a major role in wars. The oceans transported armies and supplies, blocked harbors, besieged cities and attacked enemy ships.

9. Submarines The first functional submarines were invented during the Civil War. SONAR equipment was greatly improved at this time to help the submarines navigate. – SONAR was first developed after the sinking of the Titanic to try and keep that type of catastrophic accident from happening again. Scientist have used SONAR since then to measure ocean depth correctly and make accurate maps of the ocean floor.