1. The Conquistadors Spanish conquest of the Americas

2. Describe the Diversity that existed amongst native peoples of the Americas prior to the arrival of Europeans? Geography = Different South = More complex civilizations (Aztecs & Incas).

3. What Initially Caused European Exploration and which 2 countries took the lead? A = Looking for new trade routes to Asia. –1. Portuguese go South (Africa) –2. Columbus goes West (North America)

4. Portuguese Prince Henry “The Navigator” Borrowing from Muslim World The Caravel

5. Columbus & Spain 1492 Landed 1 st in Hispaniola (Haiti/Dominican Republic) Later Cuba

7. Impact of Columbus News of the “New World” that Columbus had “discovered” motivated Spain to send men to conquer & colonize the Americas. These Spaniards were called Conquistadors.

8. Spanish Motivations for Colonizing the New World (Americas) The 3-G’s Gold God Glory

9. Spanish Attitudes towards Native Americans Spaniards thought natives were inferior “savages” because of the way they dressed & their beliefs (they were not Christians). Spaniards would force Native Americans to convert to Christianity and to do forced labor. (Mining for Gold and Silver.)

13. Why The Conquistadors were able to conquer the People of Central and South America Guns, Germs, and Steel. In other words, superior technology, horses, diseases. Smallpox is the big killer.

14. Hernando Cortes Took an army of a few hundred men and conquered the Aztecs (1519-1521). The Aztecs thought he was a God a first. Kidnapped Montezuma, then killed him. Built Mexico City on top of Tenochtitlan.

16. Francisco Pizarro Led 168 Conquistadors and conquered the Inca.

17. Spanish Settlement Mostly men, so lots of race mixing. Missions Presidios Stretch from Present West coast of USA to bottom of South America.

21. Switch to Slave Labor Since disease killed so many of the Native Americans, the Spaniards began using African slave labor in the Americas.

22. “Columbian Exchange” Refers to exchange of goods, diseases, and people between the New World and the Old World. Europe, North and South America, and Africa.

24. Review What 2-factors allowed for European exploration in the 1400s? What motivated European Exploration? What was Columbus looking for?