1. Henning Roedel Civil and Environmental Engineering Department Stanford University November 25, 2008

2. Overview of Presentation 1. Site Identification 2. Conceptual Design Alternatives 3. Schematic Design 4. Incorporation into Overall Project 2

3. Site Identification Port Locations 3

4. Bremenports: A Unique Scenario  Protection of ports is only part of the larger issue due to sea level rise and climate change  Much of the German coastline is affected 4

5. Site Identification Bremenport Economics 5  69 Million Tons of Cargo – 25% of total German shipping tonnage  112% Tonnage Increase Projected by 2025  Currently 5 Million TEU – Projected Increase from 7-14 Million by 2025  Major Items Handled: Vehicles, Ores, Steel

6. Site Identification Floods and Storms Bremen – Located on the banks of the Weser River, subject to flooding Bremerhaven – Located at the mouth of the Weser and on the North Sea, subject to flooding by both Greater risks come from the North Sea 6

7. Vulnerability 1m SLR with 1995 Data  Storm flood event probability will increase from 1:100 in most cases to 1:10 and in some 1:1 Design based on 100-year return period events  Assets Affected – DM 151 Billion  Population Affected – 631,000 people (92% of population)  Area Affected – 323km 2 (80% of total area) 7

8. Conceptual Design Alternatives  Design Criteria – Flooding due to SLR 8

9. Conceptual Design Alternatives Options 1 & 2  Conceptual designs Combination of wet-wet and wet-dry dikes with locks Dredging would become issue due to sedimentation buildup, potential need for additional dredging ships  Another design would include sea walls along existing facilities with similar wet- dry dikes 9

10. Conceptual Design Alternatives Design considered - Bremerhaven  Followed roads, and protected port facilities based on flood map 10

11. Conceptual Design Alternatives Design considered - Bremen  Followed roads, and protected port facilities based on flood map 11

12. Conceptual Design Alternatives Option 3  Current General Plan from Bremen and Lower Saxony Increase dike heights by 25cm, to be complete by 2017 Revisit plan every 20 years Building codes might consider 1m SLR for future protection 12 Source Meeresspiegelanstieg.pdf – Used with Permission from Uwe von Bargen Red = Build out Black = Follows Requirements of General Plan

13. Conceptual Design Alternatives Existing Structures 13 North Dike Storm Quay with wave calming design North Lock High Water Protection Walls Main Lock Lohmann Dike Sport boat Lock Weser River Dike Storm Flood Barrier Fishery Lock Sea Dike Dike Line ~15 km Protected Area ~5330ha Source Meeresspiegelanstieg.pdf – Used with Permission from Uwe von Bargen

14. Conceptual Design Alternatives Retention Basin Development 14 Flood Gate Tidal Power Generation Plant Area Subject to Tidal Flooding (220ha) Farm Land (240ha) Outside Area “Old Weser” 140ha Source Meeresspiegelanstieg.pdf – Used with Permission from Uwe von Bargen

15. Conceptual Design Alternatives Expected Costs:  Bremen and Lower Saxony ~85 Million €/year until 2017  Germany ~160 Million €/year until 2017 Netherlands Comparison 2 Billion €/year until 2050 15

16. Schematic Design  Design elements Dike and Lock System  Materials Concrete, Structural Fill, Riprap, Pumps  Equipment Dredging, Heavy Earthwork  Time and Cost Bremerhaven – 3 years 6 months, $2.39B Bremen – 11 months, $597M 16

17. Schematic Design 17

18. Schematic Design 18

19. Schematic Design  Impacts on port operations, ecology, geology, hydrology, society, etc. Based on design, the Weser River would dump into the North Sea at the City of Bremen  Design limitations and next steps Redefine minimum “credible” design standards for low lying areas The Germans are already looking into the situation, lets work with them to learn what they are doing 19

20. Incorporation of Results into Overall Project  Recommend future effort on Germany case study Help define issues with our port protector Why are the Germans and Long Beach assuming only 1m Sea Level Rise?  Begin Addressing Resource Constraints Contact Germany and receive estimate on resource consumption Compare with Netherlands project 20