1. A Neighborhood-Based Approach to Understanding Health and Healthy Living in Urban Communities. Duffy, K., St Clair, D., Narayanan, V, Flores Cervantes, I. Presenters: Katelyn Duffy and Vasudha Narayanan Presented December 12, 2014

2. Presentation Outline Statement of the Problem Neighborhood-Based Approach Sample Design Data Collection Methods Recommendations for Future Research 2

3. Statement of Problem Question: How do you conduct a true community assessment of a city comprised of unique pieces?  To fully understand a city as a whole, need to dig deeper into the individual neighborhoods  Administrative governing structures may be particularly heterogeneous groups District 3 San Francisco 3

4. Neighborhood-Based Approach Sample design to support the study objective  Based on governance jurisdiction; and  Homogeneity of the sample stratum Mixed method data collection  Mail Questionnaire  Informant Interviews and Focus Groups Challenge of attempting to study each neighborhood individually  Cluster like neighborhoods together  Select “target” neighborhoods 4

5. Defining Targeted Neighborhoods Areas with the most significant challenges and highest needs  Identify through general understanding and observation Direction of city Prior knowledge Early informant interviews  Conduct qualitative data collection in these areas at the “neighborhood” level  Allows for resources to be focused at a more micro level 5

6. SAMPLE DESIGN 6

7. Sampling Sample Design  Typically Stratified by governing units within a city Can’t assume homogeneity of households within the entire governing unit Understanding neighborhood differences, it is critical to evaluate the city starting at the neighborhood, not the governing unit Balance the need for representation from each neighborhood with available resources Language substrata within each district

8. DATA COLLECTION METHODS 8

9. Mixed-Method Data Collection Intersection of quantitative & qualitative provides valuable information  Quantitative methods provide breadth To collect data across the entire city along the same dimensions  Qualitative methods provided depth To dig deeper into issues peculiar to neighborhoods E.g. Tenderloin in District 6, Chinatown in District 3 9

10. Quantitative Data Collection  Mail, Telephone or Web  Choice of mode dictated by the known response patterns of cities  E.g. low response rate to telephone in cities like NYC, SF  Effectiveness of mail methods  USPS file sample 10

11. Qualitative Data Collection Informant Interviews  Interviews with community leaders from targeted neighborhoods  Recruitment through local contacts Focus Groups  Recruitment through community centers and survey tear-off  90-minute sessions  Local community centers  Neighborhood level 11

12. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH 12

13. Take Away for Future Research Neighborhood-based approach  Can be applied to diverse urban areas to assess city-wide issues  Neighborhood-level sampling units Increases sample size and cost Evaluate how and when neighborhoods can be grouped Maintain district lines for analysis  Quantitative/Qualitative Mixed-Mode Design Select target groups for qualitative data collection to further understand those most in need 13

14. Thank you! Please feel free to contact us with any questions! Katelyn Duffy: katelynduffy@westat.comkatelynduffy@westat.com Vasudha Narayanan: Vasudhanarayanan@WESTAT.com Vasudhanarayanan@WESTAT.com 14