1. Matthew Osment Geography 8A

2. Maps of Sudan

3. Features of Sudan Northern Sudan has two parts, the desert and the Nile Valley. Both deserts are stony with many sand dunes. There is almost no rainfall in these deserts, and very few oases. This makes it hard to live there. Flowing through the desert is the Nile Valley, whose alluvial strip of habitable land is no more than two kilometers wide and whose productivity depends on the annual flood. Western Sudan is the Nuba mountain range in the center of the country. Many hills are isolated and extend only a few square kilometers. The third region is the central clay plains. This area has a few rivers and hills. It is the most populous area because of the water supply. This area produces cotton, which creates most of Sudan's revenue.

4. Sudan’s Flag

5. Sudan’s Population 39,105,664

6. Sudan’s Government Sudan’s Government is a Republic

7. Political Leaders of Sudan President-Omar al-Bashir Vice president-Bakri Hassan Saleh

8. Sudan was the largest country in Africa prior to the secession of South Sudan. It is now the third largest, after Algeria and Democratic Republic of the Congo. January 1, 1956 - Sudan gains its independence after an agreement between the United Kingdom and Egypt. There are a large number of old Egyptian ruins and pyramids in Sudan, even larger in number than the ones in Egypt (although not as old), as the country was once part of the Egyptian realm, prior its independence 16th largest country in the world The capital of Sudan, Khartoum, means elephant trunk in Arabic, which refers to the large bend in the Nile River that it makes as it flows north from the city. Sudan Facts

9. Major Cities NamePopulation 1 Khartoum 1,974,647 2 Omdurman 1,200,000 3 Port Sudan 489,725 4 Kassala 401,477 5 Al-Ubayyid 393,311 6 Gedaref 363,945 7 Kūstī 345,068 8 Wad Madani 332,714 9 Ad Du'ayn 264,734 10 Al-Fashir 252,609

10. Religions Christianity-1.5% Islam-97% African Traditional Religion-1.5%

11. Economy Currency-Sudanese pound Natural resources-Oil, petroleum, iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, silver, sorghum, millet, wheat, gum, sugarcane, mangos, papaya, bananas, sweet potatoes, and sesame

12. Official languages Arabic Nubian language Dinka language Beja language Tigray Fur language Kordofanian languages

13. Education Education in Sudan is free and compulsory for children aged 6 to 13 years. Primary education consists of eight years, followed by three years of secondary education. In 2000 the comparable figure was almost 58 percent, 69 percent for males, 46 percent for females; youth illiteracy (ages 15–24) was estimated at 23 percent.

14. Culture Customs - Many visitors to Sudan have commented on the genuine friendship and hospitality offered by the Sudanese. The customs upon two men meeting each other is to shake hands and tap each other’s shoulder at the same time. A hug and rubbing of cheeks may be exchanged between Sudanese ladies and their friends. Food - Millet is the staple food, and is prepared as a porridge called asida or a flat bread called kisra. Vegetables are prepared in stews or salads. Ful, a dish of broad beans cooked in oil, is common, as are cassavas and sweet potatoes. Nomads in the north rely on dairy products and meat from camels. In general, meat is expensive and not often consumed. Sheep are killed for feasts or to honor a special guest. Music - Music and dance are central to Sudanese culture and serve many purposes, both recreational and religious. Art - Northern Sudan are known for silver work, ivory carvings, and leatherwork. In the south, artisans produce carved wooden figures. In the deserts in the eastern and western regions of the country, most of the artwork is also functional, including such weapons as swords and spears. Sports - Soccer, Track and Field, Handball

15. Places to visit in Sudan Torrigate- along Nile River Bagrawiyah, Sudan Jebel Barkal Pyramids Nuba Mountains Nile River Capital city of Khartoum

16. Photo Gallery Lake Nasser Kassala Begrawiya Pyramids Jebel Marra Khartoum War Cemetery Sudan Mosque

17. Bibliography Metz, Helen Chapin. “Sudan” ed. Sudan: A Country Study. 1991. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress. 18 January 2015. http://countrystudies.us/sudan/30.htm “Sudan Fast Facts”. CNN. 18 April 2014. CNN Library. 18 January 2015. http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/30/world/africa/sudan-fast-facts/ “Sudan Vacations”. EverymanTravel. 20 December 2011. EverymanTravel. 18 January 2015. http://www.everymantravel.com/middle- eastern/sudan/ Santoso, Muhammad Akbar. “Landscape”. Blogspot. 24 August 2012. Blogspot. 18 January 2015. http://landscape- akbar.blogspot.com/2012/08/top-10-tourist-attractions-in-sudan.html “Sudan”. Facts.co. Encyclopedia Britannica 11 th Edition. 20 January 2015. http://sudan.facts.co/interestingsudanfacts/aboutsudanfunfacts.php “Education in Sudan”. Sudan.net. 2011. Sudan. 25 January 2015. http://www.sudan.net/education.php “Top things to do in Khartoum”. Tripadvisor. 2015. Tripadvisor LLC. 25 January 2015. http://www.tripadvisor.com/Attractions-g293835- Activities-Khartoum_Khartoum_State.html “Sudan”. City Population. 20 February 2010. City Population. 20 January 2015. http://www.citypopulation.de/Sudan.html