1. Today Misc slides from Evans Crash risk and age Road crash factors Vehicle crash factors Environmental crash factors

2. Misc Slides from Evans

3. Source: Evans, Leonard. Traffic Safety. Bloomfield Hills, MI; Science Serving Society; 2004

4. Source: Evans, Leonard. Traffic Safety. Bloomfield Hills, MI; Science Serving Society; 2004 used by permission for CE 552 in class use only

16. Crash risk and age Older Drivers

17. NCHRP 500 series Volume 9: Older Driver Identifies/characterizes the problem (what we are now discussing) Recommends remedial action/countermeasure s (later in the semester)

19. Why?

21. See interesting illusion applet

22. Age and vision 20 Year old vision 60 year old vision

23. Grandpa hopes this is serious exaggeration 75 year old vision estimate

24. BMW, Hummer night vision systems because it's unaffected by ambient light, Night Driver enables drivers to see beyond oncoming headlight glare… …up to five times further than with headlights alone

26. Older Population Traffic Safety Fact Sheet (DOT-HS-810-992) Older Population Traffic Safety Fact Sheet (DOT-HS-810-992) also includes state by state comparison data

27. Why does this look different?

29. Age and vision the olny iprmoetnt tihng is that the frist and lsat ltteer be at the rghit pclae!

30. Crash risk and age Young Drivers

31. NCHRP 500 series Volume 19: Young Drivers Drivers Identifies/characterizes the problem (what we are now discussing) Recommends remedial action/countermeasure s (later in the semester)

36. See also these references if you are interested: Generational perspective on teen and older drivers on traffic safety in rural and urban communities Generational perspective on teen and older drivers on traffic safety in rural and urban communities Younger older interaction LIDAR study sight distance LIDAR study Visual acuity paper Visual acuity

37. Road crash factors The highest design/most :forgiving road” – High speed design (curvature) – Full access control – Forgiving roadsides (slopes, obstacles) – Grade separated intersections – Median separation 4 to 20 times or more safer than other roads

38. Access control Eliminates conflict points Does not require full access control Some roads must have access at many points – But still may be reduced

39. Medians Wide (grass) “Narrow” with barrier Narrow (painted or grass) 30 foot median can reduce encroachment by 70-90 percent 6:1 desirable to prevent rollover, but will not slow errant vehicles as much (I-35 case, 4:1 to 6:1 to cable)

40. Cross section Lane width: 11-12 feet is best Shoulder width up to 10 feet (not independent of lane width) and surface type/condition (edge drop) Cross slope (drainage, esp on superelevated curves) Sight distance, esp. on curves Curves (esp. at night, poor weather) Grades Combinations of factors/expectancy Bridges/structures Passing zones

41. Vehicle Factors

42. Video “c” ABS ESC

43. Source: Evans, Leonard. Traffic Safety. Bloomfield Hills, MI; Science Serving Society; 2004 used by permission for CE 552 in class use only

60. Environmental Factors

61. Source: Evans, Leonard. Traffic Safety. Bloomfield Hills, MI; Science Serving Society; 2004 used by permission for CE 552 in class use only