1. Corrective Lenses Holly Shafer TEED 1103 Prof: Carter Technology Assessment

2. Origins  Rome- 100 B.C.  Glass bottle filled with water  Reading stone- 1000 A.D.  First spectacles were made between 1268 and 1289  Quartz lenses held together by wood, bone, leather, or metal

3. Problems: How to keep them on  Spain- 17 th century- ribbons of silk  China- ceramic & metal weights  Edward Scarlett of London- 1730  Ridged side pieces  James Ayscough- 1752  Double hinged side pieces  Silver Spectacles

4. Evolution of corrective lenses  Concave lenses- 16 th century  Monocle – early 18 th century  Bifocals: Benjamin Franklin- 1870s  Scissor-glasses – 18 th century  Lorgnette – 18 th century  Pince-nez – 19 th century

5. Materials:  Glass  Plastic- 1940s  Hi-Index  Polycarbonate  Trivex  Aspheric  Anti-reflective Coatings  Scratch-Resistant Coatings  Ultraviolet Treatments  Polarized Lenses  Photochromatic Lenses

6. Process: video

7. How do corrective lenses work?

8. Modern Corrective Lenses  Styled frames made of different materials- plastics, metals, composites  Contact lenses:  Vision correction  As an accessory  Surgery:  LASIK LASIK  PRK/ASA  Implanted contacts

9. Social Impacts  14 th century  Europe  French  Partisan aristocrats  Spain  Bifocals  Monocle  WWI- German Military  ~Benefits that you are not aware of~Benefits that you are not aware of

10. Negative impacts on society:  Visual distortation  Extremely poor vision  Name calling

11. Impacts on culture & society  1456 - Gutenberg's invention of the printing press  1841- Andrew Jackson  1879 - Thomas Edison's light bulb  1926 – Television  Computers  Timeline Timeline

12. Weighing in on the: Negative Benefits  Temporary solution  Prevent self healing  Eye strain  Social stigma Positive Benefits  Improved vision  Read books  Read from afar  Drive