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Published byChristina Barker Modified over 9 years ago
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Chapter 15
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Tropical Weather Noon sun is always high, seasonal temperature changes small Daily heating and humidity = cumulus clouds and afternoon thunderstorms Non-squall clusters, tropical squall line, tropical wave Seasons defined by precipitation as opposed to temperature
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Anatomy of a Hurricane Intense storm of tropical origin with winds greater than 64kts; typhoon, cyclone, tropical cyclone Eye Eye wall Spiral rain band Anticyclonic divergence Latent heat
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Hurricane Formation and Dissipation The Right Environment Tropical waters with light wind 26.5°C sea surface temperatures (June- November) Surface converge trigger (tropical wave) Coriolis effect: 5-20º latitude The Developing Storm Cluster of thunderstorms around a rotating Low pressure Release of latent heat, divergence aloft
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Hurricane Formation and Dissipation The Storm Dies Out Cold water, land Hurricane Stages of Development Tropical Disturbance Tropical Depression (22-34kts) Tropical Storm (35-64kts) Hurricane (> 65kts)
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Hurricane Formation and Dissipation Topic: Hurricanes and Mid-latitude Storms Hurricane warm core low Mid-latitude cold-core low Arctic hurricanes Hurricane + upper level trough = mid-latitude cyclone Hurricane movement General track: west, northwest, northeast Much variation
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Stepped Art Fig. 15-12, p. 421
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Naming Hurricane and Tropical Storms Process has changed over the years: Latitude and longitude Letters of the alphabet Alphabetical female names Alphabetical, alternating female and male names Retirement (Katrina, Camille)
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Devastating Wind, Storm Surge, and Flooding Highest winds on the eastern side of storm (wind + speed of storm) Swell Storm surge on north side of storm (tide) Coastal flooding River flooding Hurricane spawned tornadoes Saffir-Simpson scale 1 weakest, 5 strongest
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Some Notable Storms Camille 1969 Hugo 1989 Andrew 1992 Ivan 2004 Katrina 2005
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Some Notable Storms Observation: Atlantic Hurricanes 2004- 2005 Abnormally warm ocean water and weak vertical sheer allowed for high frequency of hurricanes Environmental Issue: Hurricanes in a Warmer World No clear answer, need more data Intensity and frequency most likely to be impacted.
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Hurricane Watches, Warnings, and Forecasts Watch issued 24-48 hours before hurricane expected to make landfall Warning issued when storm expected to strike coast within 24 hours and probability of strike in a given location provided.
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Stepped Art Fig. 15-27, p. 433
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Modifying Hurricanes Operation STORMFURY: seed clouds to create rain, weaken hurricane, and reduce winds; no conclusive evidence it was effective Oil or film on water to reduce evaporation and latent heat available to storms
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