1. The largest structure was a public bath (“Great Bath.”) Believed that the bath was used for ritual purification. Harappa Religion:

2. Belief in an afterlife.

3. Rain was scared, so it was caught and held in the ground (mother earth). Used for cleansing the soul.

4. Hinduism; -Considered polytheistic (worship of many gods). Aryan Religion:

5. Harappa Art & Architecture:

6. Cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro.

7. Complex cities. Multi-story structures made from uniformly sized bricks. Perpendicular streets.

8. Buildings were formed to catch the wind and provide a natural form of air conditioning.

9. Centralized drainage system using gravity to carry waste and water out of the city.

10. Stone figurines of girls in dancing poses.

11. New language: (Sanskrit/ Hindi) Aryan Art & Architecture:

12. “The Vedas” (Books of Knowledge). Collection of poems and sacred hymns. Rig Veda  oldest work.

13. The Ramayana. Epics story of a good king who kills an evil pre-Aryan king Ravana.

14. Writing system (undecipherable). Harappa Technology and Science:

15. Weights and measures based on ratio of 1/16 th.

16. Introduced iron and the horse chariot. Aryan Technology and Science:

17. Children educated by a guru (teacher).

18. Agricultural based. Use of granaries. Boats fished the rivers. Harappa Economics:

19. Cultivate cotton to make cloth for export.

20. Traded with Mesopotamia. Harappa seals found there. Bronze found in the Indus Valley, not native to the region.

21. Produced seals used to mark goods. Seals contained writing and designs of animals.

22. A more pastoral life. Wealth based on size of herds. Aryan Economics:

23. Harappa social structures unknown.

24. Aryan society based on Caste System. Shudras (farmers) Vaishyas (merchants) Kshatriyas(Warriors) Pariahs [Harijan]  Untouchables (non-Aryans) Brahmins(Priest/Rulers)

25. An alternative to open slavery. Brahmins Mouth Brahmins Mouth Kshatriyas Arms Kshatriyas Arms Vaishyas Legs Vaishyas Legs Shudras feet Shudras feet

26. 1.No marry outside your caste. 2.No eating with someone from another caste. 3.If you break any rule, you will be banned from your caste, making you an untouchable. Rules of the Caste System:

27. A groom applied a spot of his blood on his bride’s forehead, as a sign of marriage.

28. That concludes The Harappa Culture. Any questions before the quiz on the next slide?

29. Harappa Quiz Social: List the rules of the Caste system. Political: Who ruled Harappa cities? Interaction: How did the Indus Culture manipulate the use of water? Culture: What did the Aryans introduce to India? Economic: What was the main export of the Indus Culture? (http://goo.gl/forms/IypXa6yvTL)