1. WAN Wide Area Networks

2. Review: zCapacity Allocation: phone system zBandwidth Allocation: data systems

3. WAN Access Network

4. WAN zIntercommunication over public networks zTypically slower and more expensive than backbone or LAN

5. Connections zConnection Oriented Circuits Have a mechanism to confirm delivery and assure that packets are processed in order xCircuits xPacket Assembly Devices zNon-Connection Oriented Circuits yDeliver packets individually without regard to message sequence

6. Wan Resources zBandwidth zAccess zTechnology

7. Bandwidth Total transport capacity

8. North American Digital Hierarchy zT056 + 8 Kbps64 Kbps zT11.544 Mbps24xT0 zT26.312 Mbps96xT0 zT344.736 Mbps672xT0 zT4274.176 Mbps4032xT0

9. Multiplexing and Wide Area Communication VOICE STREAM WAN LINK MUX

10. Multiplexing and Wide Area Communication DATA STREAM A WAN LINK DATA STREAM B MUX

11. Node Functions zMessage forwarding zError detection and correction zTraffic management

12. CSU/DSU: Digital Service Unit/Channel Service Unit

13. Access Methods of controlling the WAN traffic

14. Traffic Management zAccess Control zBuffering zPacket Discard

15. Circuits vs Packets Circuits Switched xpath xsetup and teardown Permanent Packets datagram

16. Switches zCut-through switch zStore-and-forward switch

17. Switches (Store & Forward) Input Buffer Proces- sor Output Buffer H To D Table of Addresses Input Buffer Output Buffer From A H H

18. Routers Input Buffer Proces- sor Output Buffer From AFrom B To CTo D Table of Addresses Input Buffer Output Buffer

19. Router Functions Layer 1, 2, and 3 functions yPacket passing xError correction yMessage routing xIncluding circuit definition yProtocol translation yFirewall functions

20. Circuit Logic Source Destination Setup Message & ACK’s Teardown

21. Datagram Logic Packet n Packet 1Packet 2

22. Technologies Common WAN technologies.

23. X.25 zOlder protocol for using packet switched data zOperates up to 56.6 Kbps zSwitched virtual circuit zPAD

24. TCP/IP zBest Effort zAddressing zIPv4 vs IPv6 zFrame and Header

25. TCP/IP

26. OSI and TCP/IP 7. Application 6. Presentation 5. Session 4. Transport 3. Network 2. Data link 1. Physical OSITCP/IP Process & Application Host to host (TCP) Internet (IP) Network access

27. Datagram Routing zBest effort zError Control zTraffic Management

28. IP Header (Layer 3)

29. TCP Header

30. IP Addressing z32 bits (4 bytes) yNetwork address + yHost address zClasses yA:126 nets, 3 bytes of client addresses yB:2 bytes of client addresses (e.g. OU) yC:1 byte of client addresses (256)

31. ISDN

32. Frame Relay zFrames relayed without reconstruction zEnd to end error control using CRC error detection at layer 3 level zVariable packet size zVirtual circuit (usually permanent) zMultiple data rates yCommitted Data Rate yPeak data rate (discard eligible)

33. ATM

34. ATM Traffic Classes zType 1Constant Bit Rate zType 2Variable Bit Rate zType 3 zType 4 zType 5IP Traffic

35. ATM

36. SNA zConnection Oriented zCentrally Managed

37. WAN Costs zCircuit Charges zCommitted Bandwidth zPeak Bandwidth zDiscard Priority zLatency

38. WAN