1. Network Hardware (I) Networks and Protocols Prepared by: TGK First Prepared on: Last Modified on: Quality checked by: Copyright 2009 Asia Pacific Institute of Information Technology

2. Networks and Protocols Network Hardware (I) Slide 2 of 27 Topic & Structure of the lesson Classification of Networks (PAN, LAN, MAN, and WAN) WAN technologies (Frame Relay, ISDN, and ATM)

3. Networks and Protocols Network Hardware (I) Slide 3 of 27 Learning Outcomes At the end of this module, YOU should be able to: Explain the different classification of networks. Explain the WAN technologies – Frame relay, ISDN, and ATM.

4. Networks and Protocols Network Hardware (I) Slide 4 of 27 Key Terms you must be able to use If you have mastered this topic, you should be able to use the following terms correctly in your assignments and exams: PAN LAN MAN WAN FR ISDN ATM

5. Networks and Protocols Network Hardware (I) Slide 5 of 27 Main Teaching Points Types of networks Size/Coverage of network Ownership of network Transmission speeds of network Technology and Services used by the network Switched network Packet based network Cell based network

6. Networks and Protocols Network Hardware (I) Slide 6 of 27 For two computers to communicate with one another, they’d have to be connected in one form line configuration or another Understandably, only the network configuration is of the best efficiency, in terms of the amount of physical wires The network configuration has been grouped into many different categories Introduction

7. Networks and Protocols Network Hardware (I) Slide 7 of 27 Classification of Networks NETWORK TYPES Personal Area Network (PAN) Local Area Network (LAN) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Wide Area Network (WAN)

8. Networks and Protocols Network Hardware (I) Slide 8 of 27 Personal Area Network (PAN) Gaining popularity owing to the use of free communication medium and reduction in hardware cost Allow convenient and ubiquitous communication and data transfer Mainly adopted for handheld devices and ad-hoc communications Limitation in communication distance and bandwidth Security can be a drawback for such network

9. Networks and Protocols Network Hardware (I) Slide 9 of 27 The most abundant network around as it is also the most basic The size of LANs range from the simple set-up of two computers sharing a resource to multitudes of computers sharing information across an area a few kilometers wide The purpose of a LAN is simply the localized sharing of resources within a specified area Local Area Network (LAN)

10. Networks and Protocols Network Hardware (I) Slide 10 of 27 Local Area Network (LAN)

11. Networks and Protocols Network Hardware (I) Slide 11 of 27 Local Area Network (LAN)

12. Networks and Protocols Network Hardware (I) Slide 12 of 27 Local Area Network (LAN) The data rates for LANs typically are from 4Mbps to 100Mbps The limitations of LANs is by organizations Usually, a LAN is private to an organization When a LAN spans multiple kilometers, the signal has to be regenerated many times with the use of repeaters, which is limited to 4

13. Networks and Protocols Network Hardware (I) Slide 13 of 27 At times, it is necessary to link multiple LANs together When a LAN can no longer support the size of a growing network, it will utilize the infrastructure of the city Then, we would say that the Local Area Network has grown into a Metropolitan Area Network MANs are LANs connected throughout a city via an existing communications infrastructure or a privately owned communications system Metropolitan Area network (MAN)

14. Networks and Protocols Network Hardware (I) Slide 14 of 27 Metropolitan Area network (MAN)

15. Networks and Protocols Network Hardware (I) Slide 15 of 27 Wide Area Network (WAN) In the case of multinationals, MANs are simply incapable of rising to the challenge Multinationals whose offices are geographically scattered across the world has to link them together This is done through a Wide Area Network WANs utilize a combination of public and privately owned infrastructures to get information from the source to the sink

16. Networks and Protocols Network Hardware (I) Slide 16 of 27 Frame Relay (FR) Commonly used in Public Switched Data Networks (PSDN) Offers speeds of 64 kbps to about 2 Mbps. This is the range of greatest corporate demand Priced attractively Offers following features: packet switched uses virtual circuits or dedicated connections

17. Networks and Protocols Network Hardware (I) Slide 17 of 27 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) 2B+D Basic Rate Interface (BRI) to the desktop Two 64-kbps B channels Can be bonded for 128 kbps service One 16-kbps D channel, usually for supervisory signals 64 kbps 64 kbps BRI 2B+D Terminal Adapter (ISDN Modem)

18. Networks and Protocols Network Hardware (I) Slide 18 of 27 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Primary Rate Interface (PRI) Connection between firm and ISDN carrier 23B+D (on a T1 line) or 30B+D (E1 line) Twenty-Three 64 kbps B channels One 64 kbps D channel for supervision ISDN PRI BRI 2B+D 23B+D (30B+D)

19. Networks and Protocols Network Hardware (I) Slide 19 of 27 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Like frame relay: it uses packet switched it supports virtual circuits and dedicated connections Unlike Frame Relay: much faster 45 Mbps, 156 Mbps, 622 Mbps, several Gbps may offer quality of service (QoS) guarantees maximum latency for time-critical applications exact cell-by-cell timing

20. Networks and Protocols Network Hardware (I) Slide 20 of 27 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Very Expensive Complexity because of basic mechanisms Complexity because of quality of service mechanisms

21. Networks and Protocols Network Hardware (I) Slide 21 of 27 Quick Review Question 1.Compare and contrast between PAN, LAN, MAN, and WAN for data communications. 2.Determine the appropriate applications/usage of Frame relay and Asynchronous Transfer Mode as the choice for communications.

22. Networks and Protocols Network Hardware (I) Slide 22 of 27 Follow Up Assignment Carry out a research to discover and propose which and how the concepts and technologies covered in this chapter can benefit a multi-national company.

23. Networks and Protocols Network Hardware (I) Slide 23 of 27 Summary of Main Teaching Points

24. Networks and Protocols Network Hardware (I) Slide 24 of 27 Q & A Question and Answer Session

25. Networks and Protocols Network Hardware (I) Slide 25 of 27 Topic and Structure of next session Network Hardware (II) WAN technologies (Cellular Network, Satellite Network, and Wireless Network) Next Session