1. UNECE Statistical Division International migration: practices of 2000 Round and issues for 2010 Enrico Bisogno Social and Demographic Statistics Section UN Economic Commission for Europe - Statistical Division ECE Work Session on Population Censuses Geneva, 23-25 November 2004

2. UNECE Statistical Division Overview Stocks Criteria to identify the stock of immigrants Treatment of special groups Flows Which question(s) best capture migrations? Reason for migration

3. UNECE Statistical Division No clear definition of this group in the 2000 Recommendations Focus on two related variables (core- topics) 1.Place/country of birth (44 countries) 2.Citizenship (42 countries) Stock of immigrants: the definition

4. UNECE Statistical Division Place of birth: the definition Mother’s residence at the time of birth (2000 Recommendations) Some complications: 25 countries used the actual place of birth Higher non-response rates In Switzerland: 28% among CH born abroad

5. UNECE Statistical Division Why data on stocks? Monitor size and composition of population with foreign origin having a long-term view on their integration

6. UNECE Statistical Division Country of birth: pros and cons Pros  Evidence of migration  Unique  Does not change Cons  Some ‘Nationals’ can be included  2nd generation excluded  Not ‘policy’ relevant

7. UNECE Statistical Division Citizenship: pros and cons Pros  Legally relevant  Objective Cons  Unstable  National regulations  Not unique

8. UNECE Statistical Division Indications from 2000 Round 29 Countries asked other questions on birth and/or citizenship:  Multiple citizenship  Citizenship at birth/by naturalization  Country of birth of parents

9. UNECE Statistical Division A proposal: population with foreign background

10. UNECE Statistical Division Which questions to include? Place of births of parents or Citizenship at birth (both included in 2000 Recommendations as non-core topics)

11. UNECE Statistical Division Some data from 2000

12. UNECE Statistical Division US immigrants in France (1999)

13. UNECE Statistical Division Special population groups Temporary foreign workers with legal status Resident foreigners without legal status Asylum seekers Refugees Temporarily absent persons

14. UNECE Statistical Division Special groups and population counts

15. UNECE Statistical Division Refugees 2000 Rec: include in resident population 28 countries considered them as residents Definitional problems: 3 types of refugees a.1951 Geneva Convention b.Humanitarian refugees c.Mass displacement

16. UNECE Statistical Division Foreigners without legal status 2000 Recomm: no specific provision Sensitive issue Very diverse approaches across countries For 2010: is a common position possible? De facto or legal approach?

17. UNECE Statistical Division Flows Two different approaches A.Where were you resident x years ago? (31 countries in 2000 Round) B.When did you come to live here? (29 countries in 2000 Round)

18. UNECE Statistical Division Why census data on flows? Internal migration Information on origin and destination International migration No monitoring purposes Migration date  duration of residence

19. UNECE Statistical Division Type A questions Pros Simple Origin-destination details Cons No information on when the migration occurred

20. UNECE Statistical Division Type B questions Pros Very precise on timing Cons No information on origin

21. UNECE Statistical Division Implications for 2010 Round Type A better fit for internal migration Type B better fit for international migration The two approaches can be combined: 1.When did you come to live in this municipality from where? 2.When did you come to live in this country and from where?

22. UNECE Statistical Division Reason for migration Not mentioned in 2000 Recommendations 11 countries included this topic Demand from users (labour migration)

23. UNECE Statistical Division Issues for 2010 Recommendations General question, generic answer More specific question: Official reason, if any Distinguish between causes and goals Reason for selecting the country