1. © Mather Associates Susan M. Mather Gallaudet University Department of Linguistics NFO Day 1- Part 2 August 9, 2011 Visual Readiness

2. © Mather Associates Agenda Set Visual Readiness 1.Eye Assessment 2.Summons : Visual and Tactile Getting-Attention Regulators 3. Acknowledgment Regulators

3. © Mather Associates Turn-Allocation Components of the Turn-Taking System Four Functional Regulator Types Speaker/Signer Listener/Addressee 1. Initiation Regulator 2. Continuation Regulator 3. Shift Regulator 4. Termination Regulator (Weiner & Devoe,1974)

4. © Mather Associates Pre-Initiation Regulators 1.Eye Assessment 2.Summon Regulators 3.Addressee’s Acknowledgement 4.Initiation (Mather,1996)

5. © Mather Associates Set Visual Readiness: Eye Assessment Before one initiates signing, the following three items must be assessed, regardless of whether the addressee(s) is paying attention or not.

6. © Mather Associates Three Types of Eye Assessments 1. Is the addressee in the signer’s line of vision? 2. If not, is the addressee still within the line of peripheral vision?, or 3. Is she in or out of the signer’s line of vision?

7. © Mather Associates Getting Attention: Summon Regulators This will determine the kind of summon regulator the signer will use to elicit the addressee’s attention. 1. The signer will use one of several visual summon regulators by summoning or using hand/body motions. 2. The signer will move into the addressee’s vision field and use eye-level gaze waving strategy, depending on what the addressee is doing (e.g., reading) 3. The signer will use one of the either tactile or environment-produced regulators.

8. © Mather Associates Getting Attention: Different Types of Summon Regulators 1.Vocal summon regulators 2.Visual summon regulators (including eye-level) 3.Tactile summon regulators 4.Unique Summon Regulators

9. © Mather Associates Vocal Summon Regulators 1.“Hey,” “call by first name,” “Excuse me,” “Yo,” “What gives.” 2.“Hey” in an excited voice: “Hey, let’s go out for pizza!” or “Hey, I have something exciting to tell you!” 3.“Hey” in a loud voice: “Hey, don’t do that!” 4.Ma’am: “Ma’am, can I talk with you for a minute?” 5.“Stop” or “Watch out” are used when one warns another of dangers: “Watch out, there is a car coming.” 6.“Excuse me” in a loud voice: “Excuse me, you parked in the wrong place” or “Excuse me, you can’t sit there!”

10. © Mather Associates Visual Summon Regulators Examples of regulators used to convey social and emotional information: 1.If the signer just wants to summon the addressee’s attention, she will use a standard wave. 2.For something important or exciting, she will continually and quickly wave. 3.If upset or furious, she will wave sharply.

11. © Mather Associates Visual summon regulators (cont’d) For the last two regulators, a signer can use different kinds of motion to give a particular meaning Ex: If the signer is very angry or upset, she would use a “stiff wave” only once. (Translation: Hey, Excuse me) Ex: For something very important or urgent, she would continually “flap” like a bird. (Tr: What gives?)

12. © Mather Associates Tactile Summon Regulators 1.Body tactile summon regulators 2. Environment-produced tactile summon regulators

13. © Mather Associates Body Tactile Summon Regulators Fingertips Finger pads Elbow Shoulder Foot

14. © Mather Associates Environment-produced Tactile Summon Regulators Tap- or ban-on-object (e.g., table or window) Stomp-on-floor

15. © Mather Associates Summon Regulators 1. Human chain summon regulators  Zig-zag summon  In a row summon 2. Reflection summon regulators  Mirror  Slide door

16. © Mather Associates Unique Summon Regulators 1.Human chain summon regulators 2.Reflection summon regulators 3.Distance summon regulators 4.In-dark summon regulators

17. © Mather Associates Addressee Acknowledgement Why is it necessary to get the addressee’s acknowledgment before one can initiate the talk? Before the speaker/interpreter starts to sign, s/he will either move into the addressee’s line of vision or the addressee specifically ask the speaker/interpreter to move (depending on types of visual blockage or any other obstacles). And then the addressee will either use … non-manual or manual acknowledgement

18. Types of Acknowledgement 1. Non-manual acknowledgement 2. Manual acknowledgement © Mather Associates

19. 2 Steps to Acknowledge Each Other 1 st step Receive student’s acknowledgment cues 2 nd step Teacher’s responded acknowledgment “YOU READY” © Mather Associates

20. 4 Steps To Set Visual Readiness Pre-Initiation Regulators 1. Eye Assessment 2. Summons 3. Acknowledgment 4. Initiation Regulator © Mather Associates

21. 15-minute Break © Mather Associates

22. Part A II. During the class Practice: How to A. Monitor for students’ visual readiness B. Monitor for students’ visual readiness of other students C. Demonstrate appropriate attention- getting techniques © Mather Associates

23. Tomorrow Topics 1Uses of Eye Gaze 2Classroom management © Mather Associates