2. Plant Reproduction Click to Enter

3. INSTRUCTIONS Ensure that you complete all activities and worksheets when instructed to do so. The pad icon will indicate when you should fill in your worksheet. Work your way through the presentation by clicking on the background to move to the next page or to activate an animation. The mouse icon will indicate that a click will activate an animation or require buttons to be pressed in the quizzes. You can navigate around the presentation by using the arrow links that appear when you place your cursor on the lower left hand part of the screen. Some slides have embedded movies which will start when you click on the image. The video camera symbol tells you when a movie is available. There is sound so you may want to wear headphones if people are working near you. You can return to the home page by clicking on the clickbiology icon. At the end of the module there is a test that will provide a results page which you will print off and hand in to your teacher. The speaker symbol means that there are some audio explanation available for the slide

4. Plant Reproduction Home Page Flower structure Pollination Fruit development Seed dispersal Germination Test 1 2 3 4 5 6

5. Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

6. Use the diagram below to complete the labels on the flower structure worksheet stigma style ovary ovule carpel anther filament stamen petal sepal receptacle peduncle Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test

7. Complete the functions table by clicking on the labels to discover their functions stigma style ovary ovule carpel anther filament stamen petal sepal receptacle peduncle Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

8. Flower Structure Quiz What is the name of the structure labelled X in the diagram? sepal stamen peduncle carpel X Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test Click the correct answer

9. Flower Structure Quiz Where is pollen made? stigma sepal anther ovary Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

10. Flower Structure Quiz Where is the ovule found in a flower? petals style nectary ovary Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

11. Flower Structure Quiz Which parts of the flower are labelled below: X = filament, Y = anther X Y X = stigma, Y = style X = anther, Y = filament X = style, Y = stigma Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

12. Pollination The pollen grain contains the male sex cell (gamete) Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

13. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma This is an example of cross-pollination as the pollen travels from one flower to a different flower. This is desirable in plants as it promotes variation. Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test Click to view the animation

14. Pollen can be carried between flowers by insects or by wind Use the information in the next two slides to complete the table comparing the adaptations of wind and insect pollinated flowers. Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

15. Insect-pollinated flowers are adapted to attract insects to them to enable transfer of pollen Sticky stigma to collect pollen Brightly coloured petals nectar and a scent present Pollen has barbs for hooking onto insect fur Anthers positioned to rub pollen onto insects Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

16. Wind-pollinated flowers are different in structure because they do not have to attract insects to them but do need to be exposed to the wind. Petals are small and green as there is no need to attract insects Stigma are feathery to catch pollen carried on wind Anthers are exposed to the wind so that pollen can easily be blown away Pollen grains are very small and light. They occur in very large numbers No scent or nectary Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

17. Self-pollination occurs when pollen falls from the anther onto the stigma of the same flower Self-pollination is not desirable as it reduces variation Click to show animation of self- pollination Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

18. Flowers will prevent self-pollination by either having stigma above stamen or… Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

19. …by having stamen and stigma mature at different times. Complete the sections in your worksheet describing self- pollination and cross-pollination. Explain the mechanisms employed by plants to prevent self-pollination. Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

20. Pollination Quiz Pollination is the transfer from….? the stigma to anther style to stamen anther to stigma ovule to filament Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test Click the correct answer

21. Pollination Quiz The two mechanisms for pollination are? Wind and water Insect and water Insect and wind Wind and birds Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

22. Pollination Quiz Cross-pollination… Increases variation Decreases variation Is only performed by wind Is only performed by insects Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test

23. Pollination Quiz Flowers are adapted for wind-pollination by… Having feathery stigmas Having a nectary Having bright petals and a scent Having sticky stigmas Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test

24. Fertilisation and Fruit Development Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test

25. Once pollination occurs a tube grows from the pollen grain down through the style to the ovule Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test stigma style ovary ovule carpel Note: Petals not shown in order to simplify diagram Click to view the animation

26. Fertilisation occurs when the male gamete fuses with the ovule (the female gamete) Complete the fertilisation section of the worksheet (you will need to refer to your text book) Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test Click to view the animation

27. Seed Dispersal Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test

28. After fertilisation the petals, stamen and sepals fall off. The ovule turns into a seed, the fertilised egg inside develops into an embryo plant. Testa: tough seed coat Micropyle: Hole made by pollen tube Embryo plant Cotyledon: Food store Plumule: Embryo shoot Radicle: Embryo root Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test

29. Water leaves the seed, it dehydrates and becomes dormant because metabolic reactions stop. The ovary develops to become a fruit. seed Fleshy wall of the ovary (yes, you are eating an adapted ovary when you crunch into an apple! Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test

30. Seeds need to be dispersed away from the parent plant in order to reduce competition for space, light, nutrients and water. Seeds can be dispersed by: Wind Water Mechanical Animals Fill in the worksheet on the reasons and mechanisms for seed dispersal

31. Seed dispersal quiz Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed shown in the picture mechanical wind animal water Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test Click the correct answer

32. Seed dispersal quiz Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed shown in the picture water animal wind mechanical Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test Click the correct answer

33. Seed dispersal quiz Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed shown in the picture wind mechanical animal water Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test Click the correct answer

34. Seed dispersal quiz Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed shown in the picture mechanical animal wind water Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test Click the correct answer

35. Germination Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test

36. Water enters the seed through the micropyle and activates enzymes. The water also softens the testa to allow it to split. Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test The seed contains the embryo plant and cotyledons (starch stores) Plumule (embryo shoot) Radicle (embryo root) Micropyle Testa Cotyledon Label the diagram of the seed

37. Enzymes are used in seed germination starch embryo plant amylase secreted maltose absorbed The enzymes break starch down into maltose and then glucose. The glucose is used in respiration to provide energy for growth Plumule Radicle This is the first part to grow out of the seed as it needs to absorb more water Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test

38. Whilst germinating the plant uses food stores in the cotyledon to provide energy for growth Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test light soil germination Plant growth and development The seedling can now photosynthesise and make its own food

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