1. Monitoring of the Global Surface Climate Ayako Takeuchi Climate Prediction Division, JMA

2. Outline 1. Introduction 2. Data Source 3. Monthly Products 4. Weekly Products

3. INTRODUCTION

4. Products of CPD/JMA Impacts Disasters Climate Information MonitoringMonitoringPredictionPrediction Surface Climate Climate System

5. Needs for Global Climate Information Climate Change Increase of climate extremes Globalization of socio-economical activities Foods security International disaster relief

6. Contents of CPD Global Climate Information MONTHLY PROCUCTS Figures ・ Temperature anomaly ・ Normalized temperature anomaly ・ Precipitation ratio ・ Precipitation quintile ・ Extreme climate Comments (Highlight, Extreme climate) Data Lists WEEKLY PRODUCTS Figures ・ Extreme climate and weather disaster ・ Reference data (Temperature and its anomaly Precipitation and its ratio Atmospheric circulation and convection) Comment ・ Name of extreme climate and area ・ Damage from disaster

7. DATA SOURCE

8. Process of making Global Climate Information Database of weather disasters ・ Collection and quality check of meteorological data ・ Identification of extreme climate events ・ Analysis of the relations with general circulation ・ Weather disaster information ・ Collection and quality check of meteorological data ・ Identification of extreme climate events ・ Analysis of the relations with general circulation ・ Weather disaster information Objective Analysis Data of Meteorological Satellites Objective Analysis Data of Meteorological Satellites CLIMAT messages (1500) SYNOP messages (4000-5000) CLIMAT messages (1500) SYNOP messages (4000-5000) Reports （ temperature, precipitation, extreme climate events ） Reports （ temperature, precipitation, extreme climate events ） Monthly TCC Home Page Weekly

9. CLIMAT and SYNOP messages are exchanged via the GTS CLIMAT and SYNOP Main Source of Products CLIMAT messages reporting monthly value (Surface Pressure, Temperature, Precipitation, etc.) CLIMAT messages reporting monthly value (Surface Pressure, Temperature, Precipitation, etc.) SYNOP messages reporting present value 4 times a day SYNOP messages reporting present value 4 times a day

10. MONTHLY PRODUCTS

11. Quality Check of CLIMAT Temperature

12. JMA ’ s Definition of Extreme Climate The Criteria for Monthly Data EXTREME CLIMATE The phenomenon that would occur once in about 30 years EXTREME MONTHLY CLIMATE Temperature : the normalized anomaly ≧ 2 the normalized anomaly ≦ -2 the normalized anomaly = anomaly / standard deviation Precipitation : Quintile = 6 or 0 Quintile 6 : the precipitation is greater than any value in 1971 - 2000 0 : the precipitation is less than any value in 1971 - 2000 Climatological normals are calculated from the statistics of 1971 - 2000 data.

13. TCC Homepage (URL) for Meteorological Services http://cpd2.kishou.go.jp/tcc/ Where can you get CPD Global Climate Information?

14. Monthly Climate Information

15. Products of monitoring of surface climate Monthly Mean Temperature Anomaly

16. Products of monitoring of surface climate Monthly Mean Temperature Anomaly (normalized) Category

17. Products of monitoring of surface climate Monthly Precipitation Category

18. Products of monitoring of surface climate Monthly Precipitation Ratio Category

19. Products of monitoring of surface climate Monthly Precipitation Quintle

20. Products of monitoring of surface climate Distribution of Extreme Monthly Climate Monthly Extreme Climate (October 2003) 1. Heavy precipitation in central Siberia 2. Heavy precipitation in northern China 3. Heavy precipitation in Southeast Asia 4. Heavy precipitation from southwestern Russia to northwestern Africa 5. Low temperature in central Europe 6. High temperature in western Africa 7. High temperature in southeastern Africa 8. High temperature and heavy precipitation from Greenland to northeastern Canada 9. High temperature from middle-western to western USA 10. Heavy precipitation in Mexico 11. High temperature around the Caribbean Sea 12. High temperature in northern Argentina 13. Light precipitation in central Argentina 14. Low temperature in southeastern Australia Products for monthly climate Using CLIMAT message

21. WEEKLY PRODUCTS

22. Products for weekly climate Using SYNOP messages Quality Check for SYNOP data Monthly precipitation estimated from SYNOP 0mm CLIMAT precipitation 15mm Example of quality check for SYNOP data Daily precipitation estimated from SYNOP We use this observatory’s data carefully.

23. EXTREME MONTHLY CLIMATE Temperature : the normalized anomaly ≧ 2 the normalized anomaly ≦ -2 the normalized anomaly = anomaly / standard deviation Precipitation : Quintile = 6 or 0 Quintile 6 : the precipitation is greater than any value in 1971 - 2000 0 : the precipitation is less than any value in 1971 - 2000 Weekly Extreme Climate EXTREME CLIMATE The phenomenon that would occur once in about 30 years Temperature : the normalized anomaly ≧ 3 : WARM the normalized anomaly ≦ -3 : COLD the normalized anomaly = anomaly / 30-day standard deviation anomaly = weekly mean temperature - weekly normal Precipitation : precipitation in a week exceeds the 30-day normal : WET precipitation in the last 30-day is less than the threshold of quintile 1 for the 30-day : DRY Weekly normal, 30-day normal, 30-day standard deviation and 30-day quintile are calculated by interpolating monthly values of the previous (or following) and the current month. Monthly normals are calculated from the statistics of 1971 - 2000 data. The criteria are decided from research for Japanese observatories.

24. Products of monitoring of surface climate Distribution of Extreme Weekly Climate 1 October, 2003 Japan Meteorological Agency Weekly Report on Global Extreme Climate Events ( 24 September, 2003 - 30 September, 2003 ) Extreme weather and climate events and/or weather disasters in this period are as follows ; 1. Wet : northern China 2. Warm : central China 3. Cold : northwestern China to eastern Kazakhstan 4. Wet : northern and central India 5. Wet : northern Algeria, Tunisia and northern Italy 6. Warm : northeastern USA and eastern Canada to southern Greenland 7. Hurricane : eastern Canada Hurricane “Juan” made landfall on eastern Canada on 29 September. In eastern Canada, fatalities caused by Hurricane were reported. 8. Warm : western USA 9. Dry : eastern Australia 10. Wet : southwestern Australia

25. Weekly Climate Information

26. Reference figure for weekly climate 850hPa wind vector, OLR and its anomaly(W/m 2 ) 500hPa height and anomaly(m)

27. Reference figure for weekly climate Weekly temperature anomaly( ℃ ) Weekly precipitation ratio(%)

28. Weekly Climate Information

29. Thank you!

30. Reference ： Quintile The 30 monthly values of precipitation, the statistical period of calculation for climatological normals, are listed in ascending order. The list is then divided into five groups of quintiles of six values each. The first quintile contains the lowest 6 values and the fifth quintile contains the highest 6 values. Example 60.0mm => quintile 1 220.0mm => quintile 4 420.0mm => quintile 6