2. Yellow Purple Green Red Blue 50 40 30 20 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50

3. Name the three largest countries in North America 10 Points United States, Canada, Mexico

4. What are the oldest mountains in North America? 20 Points Appalachian Mountains

5. Flat low land along the Atlantic coast describes what landform? 30 Points The Coastal Plain

6. What wore down the Appalachian Mountains? 40 Points Erosion

7. What state capital is located closest to 36ºN, 87ºW? – 50 Points Nashville, TN

8. True or False: Earth’s seasons occur because the Earth is tilted on its axis as it orbits the sun. 10 Points True

9. What is the climate of the Southwest U.S.A. like? 20 Points It is hot and dry.

10. Name two reasons people construct dams. 30 Points Flood control, water source, recreation, electricity generation

11. How are the Atlantic Coast and the Pacific Coast of the U.S. different? 40 Points The Atlantic Coast has a coastal plain while the Pacific has coastal mountains.

12. Name two things besides distance from a large body of water that affect the climate of a place. 50 Points 1. Distance from the equator, 2. Elevation

13. Which state includes a large part of the Great Basin, Ohio or Nevada? 10 Points Nevada

14. People build dams across these to form reservoirs. 20 Points Rivers and streams

15. What does the word modify mean? 30 Points To change

16. How is the climate of the Northeast different from that of the Southwest? 40 Points The Northeast is cooler and gets more rain and snow.

17. On the time line below, how many centuries are shown? 50 Points four

18. A stream or river that flows into a larger stream or river is called a ____________ 10 Points tributary

19. Which of the following is used to describe a region’s environment? climate, history, culture, latitude 20 Points climate

20. Soil, trees, oil, coal, and water are all examples of __________________ 30 Points Natural resources

21. Farmers use this to grow crops in dry places __________________ 40 Points Irrigation

22. Most of the land between the Appalachian Mts. and the Rocky Mts. is part of the ________________ of the Mississippi River. 50 Points Drainage basin

23. How do you think the climate of the Northeast would most likely affect life there? 10 Points The Northeast has very cold winters and hot summers. People would have to work to keep warm in the winter by building warm homes and finding fuel to heat their homes. The warm wet summers would make it easy to grow food crops.

24. How do you think the climate of the Southwest would most likely affect life there? 20 Points The hot dry climate of the Southwest might make it difficult for people to find drinking water for themselves and their animals. It would also be hard to grow crops for food. They would not need warm homes. They might not wear a lot of clothes.

25. Why does distance from the equator usually affect the climate of a place? 30 Points The sun’s rays hit the area around the equator more directly all year long, so it is warm there all the time. As you move away from the equator, the sun’s rays are less direct, so those places are cooler. It’s coldest at the North and South Poles.

26. What relationship between the Earth and the sun causes the seasons to occur? 40 Points Earth’s seasons are caused by the fact that the earth is tilted on its axis as it orbits the sun. When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the sun, it is spring and summer. At that time, it is fall and winter in the Southern Hemisphere.

27. Describe the geography and climate of the United States overall. 50 Points The United States is a large country with many different landforms and climates. There are plains, mountains, valleys and deserts. Parts of the country are warm or hot most of the year. Other places have hot summers and cold snowy winters. There is something for everyone here!