1. Microbial Genetics

2. Your Cousin The Banana

3. Genome of a Mycoplasma

4. 7.1 Bacterial Recombination

5. Vertical and Horizontal Transfer of Genes

6. Genetic Transformation

7. Bacterial Transformation and Mechanism

8. The F pilus connecting donor and recipient E. coli cells

9. Bacteria Conjugating

10. Some R Factor Plasmids

11. Transposons migrating into genes involved in synthesis of pigments

12. The Transformation Experiments of Griffith

13. Gene Transfer Mechanisms

14. Conjugation involves cell-to- cell contact for DNA transfer

15. Genetic Engineering

16. Genetic engineering was born in the 1970s Discovery of endonucleases First recombinant DNA Plasmids and sticky ends

17. Genetic engineering has many commercial and practical applications Pharmaceutical applications Agricultural applications Antibiotic production Detection and diagnosis Environmental biology Vaccine production

18. Construction of a Recombinant DNA Molecule

19. A plasmid used for cloning

20. Genetic Engineering

21. Genetic Engineering (cont’d)

22. Developing New Products using Genetic Engineering

23. Plate culture of Luminescent bacteria who live under eye of a flashlight fish

24. Transduction involves viruses in the lateral transfer of DNA Description Role of the bacteriophage  Lytic cycle  Lysogeny Generalized transduction Specialized transduction

25. Generalized Transduction

26. Specialized Transduction

27. DNA Probes

28. Role of Restriction Enzymes in making recombinant DNA

29. Polymerase Chain Reaction - PCR

30. Steps of a single cycle of PCR

32. Final PCR product

33. Polymerase Chain Reaction

34. PCR Amplifies selected DNA sequences

35. DNA fingerprinting to identify criminals

36. DNA Fingerprinting (cont’d)

37. Fingerprints

38. Gene Libraries

39. Genetic information in bacteria can be transferred vertically and laterally Bacterial mutation Definition of recombination

40. Many microbial genomes have been sequenced Analogy for comparing the human and E. coli genome lengths First complete bacterial genome First fungal genome

41. Microbial genomics will advance our understanding of the microbial world Food production The environment Biosensing Human health

42. Microbial genomics has produced some interesting findings Comparison to the human genome Large number of gene functions have not been identified Genetic (pathogenicity islands)