1. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu How to Use This Presentation To View the presentation as a slideshow with effects select “View” on the menu bar and click on “Slide Show”, or simply press F5 on the top row of your keyboard. To advance to the next slide click the left mouse button once. From the Chapter screen you can click on any section to go directly to that section’s presentation. Blank or “missing” areas of a slide will remain hidden until the left mouse button is clicked. You may exit the slide show at any time by pressing the Esc key. How to Use This Presentation

2. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter Presentation Transparencies Image and Math Focus Bank Bellringers Standardized Test Prep Visual Concepts Resources

3. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Body Organization and Structure Table of Contents Section 1 Body Organization Section 2 The Skeletal System Section 3 The Muscular System Section 4 The Integumentary System Chapter D1

4. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Body Organization Bellringer Match the body system in the first column with the correct function in the second column: 1. respiratory system a. regulates body functions 2. muscular system b. breaks down food 3. digestive system c. pumps blood 4. circulatory system d. absorbs oxygen 5. endocrine system e. moves bones Record your answers in your science journal. Chapter D1

5. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Objectives Describe how tissues, organs, and organ systems are related. List 11 major organ systems. Identify how organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis. Section 1 Body Organization Chapter D1

6. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Cells, Tissues, and Organs The many kinds of cells in your body help your internal environment stay stable. The maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment is called homeostasis. Section 1 Body Organization Chapter D1

7. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Cells, Tissues, and Organs, continued Cells Form Tissues A group of similar cells working together forms a tissue. Your body has four main kinds of tissue. Section 1 Body Organization Chapter D1

8. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Cells, Tissues, and Organs, continued Tissues Form Organs Two or more tissues working together to carry out a specialized function form an organ. Section 1 Body Organization Chapter D1

9. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Working Together Organs Form Systems Organs that work together make up an organ system. Organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis. Your body has 11 major organ systems. Section 1 Body Organization Chapter D1

10. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Body Organization Chapter D1

11. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 The Skeletal System Bellringer Brainstorm some problems you would have if you lacked bones. Do you know any kinds of animals that don’t have bones? Do you know of any animals that wear their “skeletons” on the outside of their bodies? Can you think of a human invention that is similar to an external skeleton? Record your answer in your science journal. Chapter D1

12. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 The Skeletal System Objectives Identify the major organs of the skeletal system. Describe four functions of bones. Describe three types of joints. List three injuries and two diseases that affect bones and joints. Chapter D1

13. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 The Skeletal System Bones Bones, cartilage, and the connective tissue that holds bonds together make up your skeletal system. Bone Structure Bone tissue without any visible open spaces is called compact bone. Bone tissue that has many open spaces is called spongy bone. Bones contain a soft tissue called marrow. Bone Growth Most bones start out as a flexible tissue called cartilage. Eventually, most cartilage is replaced by bone. Chapter D1

14. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 The Skeletal System Chapter D1

15. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 The Skeletal System Joints A place where two or more bones meet is called a joint. Joints are held together by ligaments. Chapter D1

16. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 The Skeletal System Skeletal System Injuries and Diseases Bones may be fractured or broken. Ligaments can be stretched or torn. Arthritis is a disease that causes the joints to swell or stiffen. Osteoporosis is a disease that causes bones to become less dense. Chapter D1

17. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 The Muscular System Bellringer List five body parts that you use when you drink a glass of water. Do you use any of those same body parts when you eat an apple? Do you use any of those same body parts when you pick up a heavy box? Record your response in your science journal. Chapter D1

18. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 The Muscular System Objectives List three kinds of muscle tissue. Describe how skeletal muscles move bones. Compare aerobic exercise with resistance exercise. Describe two muscular system injuries. Chapter D1

19. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 The Muscular System Kinds of Muscle The muscular system is made up of the muscles that let you move. Involuntary muscle found in the digestive tract and the walls of the blood vessels is called smooth muscle. Involuntary muscle found in your heart is called cardiac muscle. Muscle attached to your skeleton for movement is called skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle can be voluntary or involuntary. Chapter D1

20. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 The Muscular System Movement Muscles Attach to Bones Tendons are strands of tough connective tissue that connect your skeletal muscles to your bones. Muscles Work in Pairs Skeletal muscles often work in pairs. A muscles that bends part of your body is called a flexor. A muscle that straightens part of your body is an extensor. Section 3 The Muscular System Chapter D1

21. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 The Muscular System Chapter D1

22. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 The Muscular System Muscular Movement and Bones Click below to watch the Visual Concept. You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key. Visual Concept Chapter D1

23. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 The Muscular System Use It or Lose It Resistance Exercise During resistance exercise, people work against the resistance, or weight, of an object to strengthen their skeletal muscles. Aerobic Exercise Steady, moderately intense activity is called aerobic exercise, and strengthens the heart and increases endurance. Chapter D1

24. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 3 The Muscular System Muscle Injury A strain is an injury in which a muscle or tendon is overstretched or torn. People who exercise too much can hurt their tendons. Inflamed tendons is called tendonitis. Some people try to make their muscles stronger by taking drugs. These drugs are called anabolic steroids and can cause long-term health problems. Chapter D1

25. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 4 The Integumentary System Bellringer List at least three situations in which dogs pant. How do humans respond to those same situations? Why do you think dogs pant? Do you know of any other animals that pant? Write your responses in your science journal. Chapter D1

26. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 4 The Integumentary System Objectives List four functions of skin. Describe the two layers of skin. Describe the structure and function of hair and nails. Describe two kinds of damage that can affect skin. Chapter D1

27. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 4 The Integumentary System Functions of Skin Your skin, hair, and nails make up your integumentary system. Skin protects you by keeping water in your body and foreign particles out of your body. Nerve endings in your skin let you feel things around you. Skin helps regulate your body temperature. Skin also helps get rid of waste chemicals. Chapter D1

28. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 4 The Integumentary System Layers of Skin Epidermis The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin. Most cells in the epidermis are dead. Dermis The thicker layer of skin that lies beneath the epidermis is the dermis. Chapter D1

29. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 4 The Integumentary System Chapter D1

30. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 4 The Integumentary System Hair and Nails A hair forms at the bottom of a tiny sac called a hair follicle. Hair helps protect skin from ultraviolet light and helps regulate body temperature in most mammals. A nail grows from living cells in the nail root at the base of the nail. Nails protect the tips of your fingers and toes. Chapter D1

31. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 4 The Integumentary System Skin Injuries Skin is often damaged, but fortunately can repair itself. However, damage to the genetic material in skin cells can cause skin cancer. Chapter D1

32. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Body Organization and Structure Concept Map Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide. connective nervous homeostasis organs epithelial tissues organ systems cells Chapter D1

33. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Body Organization and Structure Chapter D1

34. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Body Organization and Structure Chapter D1

35. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu End of Chapter D1 Show

36. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Reading Read each of the passages. Then, answer the questions that follow each passage. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

37. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Passage 1 Sometimes, doctors perform a skin graft to transfer some of a person’s healthy skin to an area where skin has been damaged. Doctors perform skin grafts because skin is often the best “bandage” for a wound. Like cloth or plastic bandages, skin protects the wound. Skin allows the wound to breathe. Unlike cloth or plastic bandages, skin can regenerate itself as it covers a wound. But sometimes a person’s skin is so severely damaged (by burns, for example) that the person doesn’t have enough skin to spare. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

38. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 1. Based on the passage, what can skin do that manufactured bandages can’t do? A Skin can protect a wound. B Skin can stop more skin from being damaged. C Skin can regenerate itself. D Skin can prevent burns. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

39. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 1. Based on the passage, what can skin do that manufactured bandages can’t do? A Skin can protect a wound. B Skin can stop more skin from being damaged. C Skin can regenerate itself. D Skin can prevent burns. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

40. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 2. In the passage, what does the term skin graft most likely mean? F a piece of skin transplanted from one part of the body to another G a piece of skin made of plastic H a piece of damaged skin that has been removed from the body I burned skin Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

41. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 2. In the passage, what does the term skin graft most likely mean? F a piece of skin transplanted from one part of the body to another G a piece of skin made of plastic H a piece of damaged skin that has been removed from the body I burned skin Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

42. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 3. Based on the passage, why might a severe burn victim not receive a skin graft? A Manufactured bandages are better. B He or she doesn’t have enough healthy skin. C There isn’t enough damaged skin to repair. D Skin is the best bandage for a wound. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

43. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 3. Based on the passage, why might a severe burn victim not receive a skin graft? A Manufactured bandages are better. B He or she doesn’t have enough healthy skin. C There isn’t enough damaged skin to repair. D Skin is the best bandage for a wound. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

44. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Passage 2 Making sure that your body maintains homeostasis is not an easy task. The task is difficult because your internal environment is always changing. Your body must do many different jobs to maintain homeostasis. Each cell in your body has a specific job in maintaining homeostasis. Continued on the next slide Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

45. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Passage 2, continued Your cells are organized into groups. A group of similar cells working together forms a tissue. Your body has four main kinds of tissue—epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. These tissues work together to form organs, which help maintain homeostasis. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

46. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 1. Based on the passage, which of the following statements about tissues is true? A Tissues do not help maintain homeostasis. B Tissues form organ systems. C Tissues are changing because the body’s internal environment is always changing. D There are four kinds of tissue. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

47. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 1. Based on the passage, which of the following statements about tissues is true? A Tissues do not help maintain homeostasis. B Tissues form organ systems. C Tissues are changing because the body’s internal environment is always changing. D There are four kinds of tissue. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

48. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 2. According to the passage, which of the following statements about homeostasis is true? F It is easy for the body to maintain homeostasis. G The body must do different jobs to maintain homeostasis. H Your internal environment rarely changes. I Organs and organ systems do not help maintain homeostasis. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

49. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 2. According to the passage, which of the following statements about homeostasis is true? F It is easy for the body to maintain homeostasis. G The body must do different jobs to maintain homeostasis. H Your internal environment rarely changes. I Organs and organ systems do not help maintain homeostasis. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

50. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 3. Which of the following statements about cells is false? A Cells are organized into different groups. B Cells form tissues. C Cells work together. D Cells don’t maintain homeostasis. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

51. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 3. Which of the following statements about cells is false? A Cells are organized into different groups. B Cells form tissues. C Cells work together. D Cells don’t maintain homeostasis. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

52. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Interpreting Graphics The line graph below shows hair growth over time. Use the graph to answer the questions that follow. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

53. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 1. How long was the hair on day 60? A 20.0 cm B 21.0 cm C 22.5 cm D 23.0 cm Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

54. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 1. How long was the hair on day 60? A 20.0 cm B 21.0 cm C 22.5 cm D 23.0 cm Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

55. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 2. On which day was hair length 23 cm? F day 60 G day 90 H day 120 I day 150 Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

56. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 2. On which day was hair length 23 cm? F day 60 G day 90 H day 120 I day 150 Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

57. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 3. From day 0 to day 150, what is the average amount that hair grows every 30 days? A 0.5 cm B 1.2 cm C 1.5 cm D 2.0 cm Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

58. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 3. From day 0 to day 150, what is the average amount that hair grows every 30 days? A 0.5 cm B 1.2 cm C 1.5 cm D 2.0 cm Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

59. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 4. Based on the average amount of hair growth per 30-day period, how long would it take the hair to grow another 3.6 cm? F 30 days G 60 days H 90 days I 120 days Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

60. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 4. Based on the average amount of hair growth per 30-day period, how long would it take the hair to grow another 3.6 cm? F 30 days G 60 days H 90 days I 120 days Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

61. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Math Read each question, and choose the best answer. Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

62. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 1. About 40% of a person’s mass is muscle tissue. If Max has a mass of 40 kg, about how much muscle tissue does he have? A 16 kg B 20 kg C 24 kg D 30 kg Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

63. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 1. About 40% of a person’s mass is muscle tissue. If Max has a mass of 40 kg, about how much muscle tissue does he have? A 16 kg B 20 kg C 24 kg D 30 kg Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

64. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 2. When running, an adult inhales about 72 L of air per minute. That amount is 12 times the amount that an adult needs while resting. How much air does an adult inhale while resting? F 6 L/min G 12 L/min H 60 L/min I 64 L/min Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

65. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 2. When running, an adult inhales about 72 L of air per minute. That amount is 12 times the amount that an adult needs while resting. How much air does an adult inhale while resting? F 6 L/min G 12 L/min H 60 L/min I 64 L/min Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

66. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 3. Maggie likes to do bench presses, a resistance exercise. She bench presses 10 kg. If Maggie added 2 kg every 2 weeks, how long would it take her to reach 20 kg? A 4 weeks B 5 weeks C 10 weeks D 12 weeks Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

67. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 3. Maggie likes to do bench presses, a resistance exercise. She bench presses 10 kg. If Maggie added 2 kg every 2 weeks, how long would it take her to reach 20 kg? A 4 weeks B 5 weeks C 10 weeks D 12 weeks Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

68. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 4. A box of 25 bandages costs $4.00. A roll of tape costs $1.50. Troy needs 125 bandages and 3 rolls of tape for a first-aid kit. Which of the following equations shows the cost of first-aid supplies, x? F x  (125  4.00)  (3  1.50) G x  (25  4.00)  (3  1.50) H x  [(25  4.00)  125]  (3  1.50) I x  [(125  25)  4.00]  (3  1.50) Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

69. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 4. A box of 25 bandages costs $4.00. A roll of tape costs $1.50. Troy needs 125 bandages and 3 rolls of tape for a first-aid kit. Which of the following equations shows the cost of first-aid supplies, x? F x  (125  4.00)  (3  1.50) G x  (25  4.00)  (3  1.50) H x  [(25  4.00)  125]  (3  1.50) I x  [(125  25)  4.00]  (3  1.50) Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

70. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 5. Stephen wants to run a 10 K race. Right now, he can run 5K. What is the percentage increase from 5K to 10 K? A 50% B 100% C 200% D 500% Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

71. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu 5. Stephen wants to run a 10 K race. Right now, he can run 5K. What is the percentage increase from 5K to 10 K? A 50% B 100% C 200% D 500% Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1

72. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Body Organization Chapter D1

73. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Body Organization Chapter D1

74. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 The Skeletal System Chapter D1

75. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 4 The Integumentary System Chapter D1

76. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Standardized Test Preparation Chapter D1