1. S. Montebugnoli 2 nd SKADS Workshop 10-11 October 2007 Stelio Montebugnoli IRA - INAF- Italy

2. S. Montebugnoli 2 nd SKADS Workshop 10-11 October 2007 Main points… DS6-T1: Design of subsystems DS6-T2: Development and demonstration DS6-T3: Assesment of performance DS6-T4: Phased array on concentrators

3. S. Montebugnoli 2 nd SKADS Workshop 10-11 October 2007 DS-6 Scenario DS-6 is aimed to the construction of 3 demonstrators, different in size, based on a large existing platform equipped with cylindrical concentrators (Northern Cross array located in Medicina, near Bologna - Italy-)

4. S. Montebugnoli 2 nd SKADS Workshop 10-11 October 2007 Deliverables: 1- LNAs, Analog Optical link, IF stages 2- Wideband A/D converter, at least 1 GS/sec @ 8bit 3- Ultra fast data processing 4- Reliability prediction Achieved milestones and deliverables DS6-T1 IF Input (Optical link) Intermediate Freq Block Data Proc Cluster Reliability Prediction High performance Front–End High performance Front end Low cost Optical Link Analogue Optical link S.Montebugnoli

5. 2 nd SKADS Workshop 10-11 October 2007 Achieved milestones and deliverables DS6-T2 DS-6 T2: Development and demonstration of the BEST-1 a small platform as part of the NC (408 MHz ) BEST-1  176 m 2 4 rx – 1 N/S cylinder 1 Rx=¼ of NS cylinder4 RX =1 NS cylinder Aug. 2005

6. S. Montebugnoli 2 nd SKADS Workshop 10-11 October 2007 Achieved milestones and deliverables DS6-T2 DS-6 T2: Development and demonstration of the BEST-2 a large SKA platform as part of the NC (408 MHz ) BEST-2  1410 m 2 32 rx – 8 N/S cylinders (Equivalent to a 42 mt dish antenna)

7. S. Montebugnoli 2 nd SKADS Workshop 10-11 October 2007 Achieved milestones and deliverables DS6-T2 DS-6 T2: Development and demonstration of the BEST-2, a large SKA platform as part of the NC (408 MHz) NF=0.45dB Tn=32K Gain=60dB BW=16MHz@408MHz OIP3>+33dBm Input RL>15dB Output RL>10dB Power Supply=10-15Volt@=245mA

8. S. Montebugnoli 2 nd SKADS Workshop 10-11 October 2007 Achieved milestones and deliverables DS6-T2 DS-6 T2: Development and demonstration of the BEST-2, a large SKA platform as part of the NC (408 MHz) =1310nm NF=36dBdB Gain=-25dB BW=(0.1-1)GHz IIP3>+33dBm Input RL>15dB Output RL>20dB Power Supply=(12-15)Volt@=75mA

9. S. Montebugnoli 2 nd SKADS Workshop 10-11 October 2007 Achieved milestones and deliverables DS6-T2 DS-6 T2: Development and demonstration of the BEST-2, a large SKA platform as part of the NC (408 MHz) Optical fibre from the front-end IF uP

10. S. Montebugnoli 2 nd SKADS Workshop 10-11 October 2007 DS-6 T2: Development and demonstration of the BEST-2, a large SKA platform as part of the NC (408 MHz) Achieved milestones and deliverables DS6-T2 4 x A/D @ 8 bit (1.0 GS/sec)

11. S. Montebugnoli 2 nd SKADS Workshop 10-11 October 2007 Achieved milestones and deliverables DS6-T2 DS-6 T2: Development and demonstration of the BEST-2, a large SKA platform as part of the NC (408 MHz). The final IF and data processing system for the BEST-2 demonstrator NC telescope protected band 3 MHz@408 MHz BEST-2 Bandwidth

12. S. Montebugnoli 2 nd SKADS Workshop 10-11 October 2007 Time Receivers Amplitude Transit of Cassiopeia Oct. 2007(Bw=16 MHz, waterfall plot) Transit of Cassiopeia Oct. 2007 (Bw=16 MHz, waterfall plot) BEST-2 “FIRST LIGHT”

13. S. Montebugnoli 2 nd SKADS Workshop 10-11 October 2007 Time Receivers Transit of Cassiopeia Oct. 2007 (Bw=16 MHz, 2D plot) BEST-2 “FIRST LIGHT”

14. S. Montebugnoli 2 nd SKADS Workshop 10-11 October 2007 DS6-T2 : future step BEST-3  7464 m 2 (2008) (Equivalent to a 100 m dish antenna) 564 mt 640 mt

15. S. Montebugnoli 2 nd SKADS Workshop 10-11 October 2007 Achieved milestones and deliverables DS6-T3 DS6-T3: Assessment of Performace BEST-1: P n obtained with. GRASP Tsys computed : = 86.3 K Tsys measured : F=408 MHz

16. S. Montebugnoli 2 nd SKADS Workshop 10-11 October 2007 Potential of FPAs for cylinders DS-6 T4 DS4-T4:Phased array on concentrators This is a T 0 +32 task but some preliminary mechanical considerations could simplify in a near future the installation of a 4x4 antennas (i.e. a subset of EMBRACE) on the focal line of one cilyndrical concentrator...useful to test on the field the deliverables from: DS-4 T1 DS-4 T3 DS-4 T4 DS-4 T6

17. S. Montebugnoli 2 nd SKADS Workshop 10-11 October 2007 Next milestone, next deliverable MilestoneT1 -Milestone: - End of design BEST-3 (T 0 +28 m) Deliverables: -Deliverables: - Analogue opt. links - calibration of large array -MilestoneT2 -Milestone: - End of construction of BEST-3 (T 0 +40 m) -Deliverables -Deliverables: - L.O. & Sync distrib. Scheme - Wide Band high res. A/D - Softw. Beamform. Algorithms - Adapt. Beamf./RFI mit. Algorithms

18. S. Montebugnoli 2 nd SKADS Workshop 10-11 October 2007 Conclusion At this date, the DS-6 milestones are reached and deliverables ready.At this date, the DS-6 milestones are reached and deliverables ready. The BEST-2 seen the “first light”. Calibration, adaptive beamforming and mapping of a radio source are expected to be ready in a couple of monthsThe BEST-2 seen the “first light”. Calibration, adaptive beamforming and mapping of a radio source are expected to be ready in a couple of months The plan is to have BEST-3 (maturity of the technology, costs & first astronomical observation) for T 0 +40 mThe plan is to have BEST-3 (maturity of the technology, costs & first astronomical observation) for T 0 +40 m

19. S. Montebugnoli 2 nd SKADS Workshop 10-11 October 2007 Achieved milestones and deliverables DS6-T2 Simulation for BEST-1 - N.sensors =4 - Sensor= 16 /2 dipoles - Sensor spacing=8 - Samples used for R =200 - Primary beam = 2 o DOA RFI = +12 o, -23 o, +30 o - DOA RFI = +12 o, -23 o, +30 o Simulation DOA RFI RFI mitigat.->MVDR (BEST-1) (Connection with DS-4 T3) Simulations for BEST-2 are in progress

20. S. Montebugnoli 2 nd SKADS Workshop 10-11 October 2007 Achieved milestones and deliverables T2 RFIs mitigat.->MSC (BEST-1) (Connection with DS-4 T3) Preliminary test

21. S. Montebugnoli 2 nd SKADS Workshop 10-11 October 2007 Achieved milestones and deliverables T2 RFIs Mitigation via Polyphase filter bank (BEST-1) (Connection with DS-4 T3) PFB P,  Proc. Chan. Contr. Channel Threshold level S.Montebugnoli Preliminary test