1. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario1 Family Tree of Antennas David Conn VE3KL Acknowledgements Acknowledgements Doug Leach VE3XK Doug Leach VE3XK Bert Barry VE3QAA Bert Barry VE3QAA QCWA Members QCWA Members The Inventors The Inventors References given in slides References given in slides ARRL Antenna book ARRL Antenna book

2. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario2 Why Make a Family Tree To understand the overall (complex) picture To understand the overall (complex) picture To enable us to select a good antenna To enable us to select a good antenna To organize and compare existing designs To organize and compare existing designs Antenna Types

3. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario3 Antenna Types 1…6 1. Resonant Wires: Dipole, Yagi, Quad, Vertical, Moxon Square ……. 2. Long wires (non-resonant): Zepp/G5RV… 3. Resistively Loaded: Beverage, Pennant, Rhombic … 4. Small Loops/Wires: Resonant Loading Circuits

4. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario4 Antenna Types 1…6 5. Phased Arrays: Yagi, Collinear, Sterba Curtain, Rhombic, Four Element Rectangular Array, Many Others … 6.Lens Antennas for UHF/Microwaves: Parabolic Dish, Helix … Family Tree

5. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario5 Amateur Radio Antennas (index) Radiation Waves Circuits Ground/Ionosphere Transmission Lines Simulation/Smith Chart Receiving Antennas SNR HF UHF/VHF MF Microwave Transmitting Antennas Power

6. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario6 Transmitting Antennas Performance measured by Gain & Directivity Performance measured by Gain & Directivity Low Loss: Transmitter Matching Low Loss: Transmitter Matching SWR of 2:1 loses half the power SWR of 2:1 loses half the power Ground/Ionosphere… dominates Ground/Ionosphere… dominates Polarization (Vertical for MF Transmitters) Polarization (Vertical for MF Transmitters)

7. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario7 Receiving Antennas…SNR Performance measured by RDF (dB) Performance measured by RDF (dB) RDF (Receiving Directivity Factor) defined as peak response in desired direction to average response in all directions RDF (Receiving Directivity Factor) defined as peak response in desired direction to average response in all directions Ground/Ionosphere… extremely important Ground/Ionosphere… extremely important Consider Polarization: VHF weak signal (DX) uses Horizontal Polarization Consider Polarization: VHF weak signal (DX) uses Horizontal Polarization Antenna Examples

8. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario8 MF Antennas Need good S/N…not Gain for Receive Inverted L, T Inverted L, T Beverage Antenna… the best? Beverage Antenna… the best? Terminated loops (Pennant, Flag) Terminated loops (Pennant, Flag) Vertical Phased Arrays Vertical Phased Arrays Vertical GP antennas Vertical GP antennas K9AY Loop K9AY Loop 4 Square Vertical 4 Square Vertical Green indicates Receive Only Antenna

9. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario9 Inverted L,T,Vertical,K9AY Antennas http://www.antennex.com/preview/archive3/ltv.htm http://www.aytechnologies.com/TechData/LoopInstall.htm

10. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario10 MF Receiving Antenna Performance RDF, dB Cost Good Bad 8.64 Beverage 1.0 W Vertical Omni 2 Broadside Beverages 1.75 W 13 Flag/Pennant 5.0 Small 4X4 Square 80 m high Beverage 0.5 W Vertical phased array B/S Low Dipole K9AY Dipole http://www.w8ji.com/antennas.htm

11. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario11 Classic Dipole: type 1.. Elevation Plot Classic Dipole: type 1.. Elevation Plot 35 feet RDF = 8.3 dB Good Ground

12. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario12 Classic Dipole: type 1.. Azimuth Plot

13. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario13 Classic Vertical Ground Plane: type 1 RDF =5 dB

14. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario14 Two Element Quad…Azimuth: type 1 31 feet high to top RDF = 12.84 dB…high

15. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario15 End Fed Zepp Antenna: type 2

16. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario16 MF Pennant…Receive only: type 3 Ground independent Very Low Gain (-35 dB) RDF = 7.39 dB…OK Cardoid pattern F/B 25 dB Small..20 feet each arm Terminated loop class

17. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario17 Small Magnetic Loop Antenna: type 4 Very High Voltages http://wwwhttp://www. g3ycc.karoo. net/loop.htm

18. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario18 Microwave Antenna Array: type 5 & 6 Space Diversity Transmitter Receivers Wanted Rays Unwanted Rays Arrays

19. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario19 Arrays Antennas ► Driven arrays: Collinear, Sterba and Bobtail Curtains, two dimensional arrays, three dimensional (lens) arrays, Log Periodic  End fire or broadside or any beam shape ► Parasitic arrays: Yagi

20. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario20 Linear Arrays (Driven) Directivity increases with Length

21. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario21 Four Element Rectangle.. Easy to Visualize ARRL Antenna Book

22. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario22 Collinear Arrays http://www.tpub.com/neets/book10/42i.htm

23. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario23 Bobtail Curtain Driven Array Maximum Gain 4.5 dBi Low Angle Radiation ARRL Antenna Book

24. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario24 Log Periodic Antenna Array…looks like a tapered Yagi but each element is driven ► Very Broad Band ► Dimensions repeat logarithmically ► QST Sept. 2002 ARRL Antenna Book

25. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario25 VHF/UHF/Microwave Antennas Yagi, Quagi, Quads ….stacked versions Yagi, Quagi, Quads ….stacked versions Cycloid Dipole… Cycloid Dipole… Circular Polarization..Repeaters Circular Polarization..Repeaters Helix and Helix Arrays Helix and Helix Arrays Vertical, Jpole Vertical, Jpole Corner Reflectors, Parabolas, Lenses Corner Reflectors, Parabolas, Lenses Circuit board patch antenna arrays Circuit board patch antenna arrays

26. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario26 The J Pole Antenna: type 1 Easy to Build Easy to Build No ground plane needed No ground plane needed Many designs available Many designs available http://www.cebik.com/jp2.html

27. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario27 Cycloid Dipole Circular Polarization…Repeaters: type 1 http://www.wa7x. com/cycloid_info. html

28. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario28 Summary Tree must include antenna design as well as the physical description Tree must include antenna design as well as the physical description Tree must include: ground effects, basics of the ionosphere Tree must include: ground effects, basics of the ionosphere Tree must link to the most important well proven designs Tree must link to the most important well proven designs Tree must help amateurs at all levels to select an appropriate antenna Tree must help amateurs at all levels to select an appropriate antenna

29. 10/5/2015Antenna Presentation: Carp,Ontario29 Many Thanks: Especially to the Organizers http://www.dxlc.com/solar/