1. ANDREW KARMAN, 2011 SURF-IT FELLOW GOBIND BISHT, GRADUATE STUDENT DR. MARC MADOU, FACULTY MENTOR DR. LAWRENCE KULINSKY, FACULTY MENTOR Sugar-Powered Fuel Cells

2. Background Biological MicroElectroMechanical Systems  Implantable electrically-operated devices:  Pacemakers  Defibrillators  Insulin pumps  Drug delivery systems  Power supplies:  Primary (non-rechargeable) batteries  Secondary batteries Serious drawbacks in terms of safety, reliability, and scalability

3. Objective Development of biofuel cell:  Device to mimic nature’s method of energy generation  Conversion of biochemical energy into electrical energy  Anodic/Cathodic enzyme  Glucose oxidase / Laccase (0.78V)

4. CMEMS Architecture Attractive features of carbon in electrochemical application  Wide electrochemical potential window  Good electrical conductivity  Chemical and mechanical stability  Low cost

5. CMEMS Fabrication Process

6. Carbon Electrode Functionalization & Enzyme Attachment

7. Challenges & Future Outlook Problems to Overcome:  1) Low cell voltages & power densities  2) Adsorption of interfering species  3) Electrical contact between redox enzymes & electrode Prototype in Development:  Preliminary results appear promising!

8. Questions?