2.  Behaviors patterns or mental process that cause serious personal suffering or interfere with a person’s ability to cope with everyday life.  1/3 of all adults have experienced some type of psychological disorder.

4.  What is average for most people?  Laughing/ too much at nothing.

5.  The behavior of the majority is not always wise or healthy  Some Atypical behaviors are eccentric (artistic geniuses) rather than indicative of a disorder  People with psych disorders usually do not differ much from “normal” people

6. Typically  what is most common  not a good guide

7.  impairs an individual’s ability to function in everyday life.  hazardous to oneself or others  alcohol and drug use

8.  anxiety and depression  feelings of hopelessness, extreme sadness, worthlessness,  Guilt, thought of suicide  severe emotional discomfort

9.  violates society’s accepted norms  cultural differences a problem

10.  Change with each edition of the DSM or diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders  The 3 rd DSM edition in 1980 psychological disorders have been categorized on the basis of observable signs and symptoms rather than presumed causes.

11. 1. Identify three problems with defining normal behaviors as the behavior displayed by the majority of people. 2. How have the criteria for the classisification of psychological disorders been arranged since 1980’s? 3. Give an example of a feeling or a behavior that would be considered normal in one circumstance but a sign of psychological disorder in a different circumstance.

12. Anxiety Disorders

13.  A state of dread or uneasiness in response to a vague/ imagined danger

14.  by Persistent,  excessive,  irrational fear,  nervousness,  concern for lost of control,  inability to relax

15.  Persistent, excessive, irrational fear, of a object or situation Most common Types  zoophobia—fear of animals  claustrophobia—enclosed spaces  acrophobia---heights  arachnophobia---spiders

16.  trembling,  sweating,  rapid heart rate,  shortness of breath,  increase blood pressure,  flushed face,  feeling of faintness/ light head

17.  Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia (50-80% of phobic individuals)  Panic attack (recurring and unexpected) a short period of intense fear (1 min – few hours) shortness of breath, dizziness, rapid hart rate, sweating, choking, nausea, trembling, shaking, going to die for no apparent reason

18. Agoraphobia (common among adults) Generalized anxiety disorder  fear of being in places/ situations in which difficult or  Impossible to escape  have panic attack by avoiding behaviors  excessive or unrealistic worry about life circumstances that last for at least 6 months  common anxiety disorder  typically focus on finances, work, interpersonal problems,  accidents or illness

19. Obsessive- Compulsive disorder (OCD)  Obsessions -- unwanted thoughts ideas or mental images.  Compulsions---- repetitive ritual behaviors  cleaner, checkers, washers, Hoarders, repeaters, orderers.

20.  caused by a traumatic experience.  flash back, nightmares, numbness of  feelings, avoidance increased tension  causes- rape, severe child abuse, assault, serve accident, airplane crash, natural disasters, war experiences

21.  Psychoanalytic view Anxiety is the result of forbidden childhood urges that have been repressed. When surfaced may become obsessions and compulsive behaviors

22.  Phobias are conditioned or learned in childhood  May occur from traumatic events  People make themselves feel anxious by responding negatively to most situations  Feel helpless to control what happens to them

23.  Biological views  Heredity plays a role in most psychological disorders  Interaction factors-  both bio and psych together

24. 1. How does anxiety differ from fear? 2. Describe the relationship between panic disorder and agoraphobia. 3. Explain why studies of twins are important for determining whether a disorder has a biological basis.

25. DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS

26.  REFERS TO THE SEPARATION OF CERTAIN PERSONILITY COMPPONENTS OR MENTAL PROCESSES FORM CONSCIOUS THOUGHT.  MAY LOSE THEIR MEMORY OF A PARTICULAR EVENT OR FORGET THEIR IDENTITY  OCCURS WHEN FACED WITH URGES OR EXPERIENCES THAT VERY STRESSFUL

28.  Characterized by sudden lost of memory following a stressful or traumatic event  Typically can’t remember any events that occurred for a certain period of time surrounding the traumatic event  May forget all prior experiences, personal information, own name, family and friends  May last a few hours or years  No biologically explanation.

29.  Characterized by forgetting personal information and past events  Taking on a new identity relocating from home and new career  Usually follows a traumatic event  When fugue ends will not remember anything during the fugue state

30.  Formerly called multiple personality disorder  Existence of 2 or more personalities  Personalities may or may not be aware of each other  Personality: different (age, sex, health)  Typically have suffered severe physical, sexual, and/or psychological abuse.

31.  Feeling of detachment from one’s mental processes or body.  Feeling outside of your body/ observing yourself  Common with other disorders  Stressful event

33.  Dissociate in order to prepress unacceptable urges  Dissociative amnesia or fugue – forgets the disturbing urges  Dissociative identity –develops- new personalities to take responsibility  Depersonalization-goes outside of self away from the turmoil within

34.  Have learned not to think about disturbing events in order to avoid shame, guilt, and pain  Dissociate themselves from stressful event  Reinforced by reduces anxiety when trauma is forgotten

35.  No complete explanation as of yet  At present there is no convincing evidence that either biological or genetic factors play a role

36. Somatoform Disorders

37.  Expression of psychological distress through physical symptoms  Psychological problem along with physical (paralysis)

38.  The conscious attempt to FAKE an illness in order to avoid work, school, or other responsibilities  People with somatoform disorders do not fake their illness.  Honestly feel pain and paralysis

39. 2 most common Conversion disorder and Hypochondria

40.  Experience change in or loss of physical functioning in a major part of the body  No known medical explanation  Patient show little or no concern about their symptoms.

41.  Person’s unrealistic preoccupation with thoughts of illness or disease.  Maintains their erroneous belief despite medical doctor

42. Psychological view  Primarily psychological  Repressing emotions associated with forbidden urges/ expressed in physical symptoms  Compromise unconscious need to express feelings and fear of expressing them

43.  Indications that biological and genetic factors involved.

45.  Depression  Feeling of helplessness, hopelessness, worthlessness, guilt, and great sadness  Bipolar disorder  Cycles of mood changes  Depression----wild elation

46. 7 types of mood disorders divided into Depressive and bipolar disorders

47.  Must experience at least 5 of the following 9 symptoms for 2 wks/every day  Depressed mood for most of the day  Loss of interest pleasure in all things  Weight loss/ gain  Sleep more / less  Change in physical and emotional reactions  Fatigue/ loss of energy  Feeling worthless/ guilty  Inability to concentrate/ make decisions  Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide

48.  Dramatic ups and downs in mood  Period of mania or extreme excitement  Hyperactivity and chaotic behavior  Depression  very quickly no apparent reason

49.  Psychological View  Internalizes anger- directs to themselves  Biological view  Have a genetic basis  Learning View  Learned helplessness  Cognitive View  Habitual style of explaining lift events based on prior experiences

51.  Considered the most serious  Characterized- loss of contact with reality  Typically appears in young adulthood  Treated effectively

52.  Hallucinations  Delusions  Thought disorders  Auditory (voices)  delusions of grandeur/  Speech( disorganized confused  Social withdraw  Loss of social skills  Loss of normal emotional responsiveness

53.  Paranoid  Delusion of auditory hallucinations/ single theme  Disorganized  Incoherent in their thought/ speech/delusions/ hallucinations/emotionless/ inappropriate emotions  Catatonic  Disturbance of movement/ slow/ stupor switching to agitation/ holds body positions

54.  Psychological View  Overwhelming of the Ego by urges from the ID  Conflict fantasies confused with reality  Biological View  A brains disorder/ frontal lobe  Bio risks- heredity complications during pregnancy and birth

56.  Patterns of inflexible traits that disrupt social life and work/ distress the person  Late in adolescence/ effect thought process, emotions and behavior  Are during traits that are major components of the individual’s personality  1-10% of the population

57.  Paranoid personality disorder  Distrustful-suspicious  Difficult- argumentative, cold, aloof, view of reality is distorted  Schizoid personality disorder  No interest in relationship with people  Lack normal emotional responsiveness  Do not have delusion or hallucinations

58.  Antisocial personality disorder  Persistent behavior pattern of disregard/ violation of the right of other people  Do not feel guilt or remorse  Childhood---Hurt people and animals-steal  Adulthood—recklessness, no job, break the law  Avoidant personality disorder  Want relationships/ fear and disapproval stops them  Shy, withdrawn,  Always have social problems/ phobias

59.  Psychological view development of guilt+ super ego Harsh environment = learning how to relate to people No role models/ aggressive role models  Biological view  Genetic\ runs in families  Frontal part of the brain