1. The Watergate Scandal

2. How did Nixon’s role in the Watergate Scandal impact the United States politics and the Vietnam War? Essential Question

3. KEY WORDS Scandal Nixon Watergate building Espionage operations Vietnam War What is the Watergate Scandal?

4. OVERVIEW June 1972- Start of the political scandal Espionage operations Headquarters of Democratic National Committee called Watergate in Washington D.C. August 1974- Ended with Nixon’s retirement What is the Watergate Scandal?

5. BACKGROUND Hostile politics in the 1960s due to the Vietnam War (1955-1975) In 1972 President Nixon was running for re-election Americans were divided into pro or against the Vietnam War A strong presidential campaign could lead to an easier election Nixon suffered from paranoia What is the Watergate Scandal?

6. A group of burglars penetrated into the Watergate building to: Steal copies of top-secret documents Wiretap the office’s phones Place microphones The robbery

7. June 1972- The burglars were arrested while they were trying to break into the office The security guard saw them and called the police The burglars had copies of the re-election committee’s White House in their belongings

8. VOCAB Hush money FBI Abuse of presidential power Obstruction of justice Saturday Night Massacre Nixon’s role in the Scandal

9. He tried to hide the scandal after the arrest of the burglars: He raised “hush money” for the burglars He tried to stop the FBI from investigating the crime He destroyed evidence He fired staff members Nixon’s role in the Scandal

10. Nixon made a speech saying that he had nothing to do with the Watergate espionage. Americans believed him and he was re-elected. Nixon’s role in the Scandal

11. Discuss with a partner what you think Nixon’s role was during the Watergate scandal. Focus Questions: Was he involved? If yes, how? Is it a coincidence that he was running for re- elections at the same time? Was he guilty? Or was he not? Nixon’s role in the Scandal Guilt or not?

12. Conspirators related to the crime confessed because of the pressure The Senate found out that Nixon secretly taped every conversation that took place in the Oval Office Nixon fired a member of the staff named Cox to sabotage his investigations (Saturday Night Massacre) Eventually Nixon decided to consign the tapes Nixon’s role in the Scandal The truth came to light

13. VOCAB Hush money- money paid to someone to prevent them from disclosing embarrassing or discreditable information FBI- Federal Bureau of Investigation; an agency of the Justice Department responsible for investigating violations of Federal laws Abuse of presidential power- when the President exploits his power to take advantages Obstruction of justice- any attempt to hinder the discovery or punishment of anyone who has committed a crime Saturday Night Massacre- when President Nixon fired the independent special prosecutor Archibald Cox trying to sabotage his investigations Nixon’s role in the Scandal

14. Nixon’s reaction, August 1974

15. Nixon announces his resignation http://www.history.com/topics/watergat e/videos/nixon-announces-his- resignation

16. Discuss with a partner what Nixon talks about in his resignation speech and what reasons he gives to the United States to justify his decision. Group discussion

17. Discuss with a partner: Why do you think President Nixon resigned? What are the real reasons that made him take this decision? Remember what the burglars were arrested for and what was happening in the United States while Nixon was running for re-elections. Group discussion #2

18. Nixon never confessed, but he stated that he made wrong decisions: “I was wrong in not acting more decisively and more forthrightly in dealing with Watergate, particularly when it reached the stage of judicial proceedings and grew from a political scandal into a national tragedy. No words can describe the depth of my regret and pain at the anguish my mistakes over Watergate have caused the nation and the presidency, a nation I so deeply love, and an institution I so greatly respect.” Nixon’s comment

19. VOCAB Ethics in Government Act Freedom of Information Act Consequences

20. Negative political and social effects: Americans started to think more critically about the presidency It created cynicism and distrust towards the government and the new presidents Consequences- Socially

22. 1974- The Congress limited the president’s power To wage undeclared war To access to government information The Freedom of Information Act, the disclosure of previously secret documents held by the government The Ethics in Government Act, the authorisation to release documents of the history of individuals who have been hired by the president to work in the executive branch Consequences- Politically

23. The Watergate Scandal involved the American establishment that carried on the Vietnam War As President Nixon’s credibility decreased, his policies started to be criticised It became clear that a victory was unachievable The peace movement had its best chance to finally end the war (Indochina Peace Campaign) The IPC pressured the Congress to end the US military involvement The war ended in early 1975 Impact on the Vietnam War

24. Essential Question: How did Nixon’s role in the Watergate Scandal impact the United States politics and the Vietnam War? Reflective Question