1. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1 The Language Of Medicine 9 th edition Davi-Ellen Chabner

2. Chapter 8 Female Reproductive System Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2

3. 3 Chapter Goals  Name and locate female reproductive organs and learn their combining forms.  Explain how these organs and their hormones function in the processes of menstruation and pregnancy.  Identify abnormal conditions of the female reproductive system and of the newborn.

4. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 4 Chapter Goals (cont’d)  Describe important laboratory tests and clinical procedures used in gynecology and obstetrics, and recognize related abbreviations.  Understand medical terms in their proper contexts, such as medical reports and records.

5. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 5 Chapter 8 Lesson 8.1

6. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 6 I ntroduction Sexual Reproduction  This is the union of the nuclei of ovum and sperm cell.  Ovum and sperm cells are called gametes.  Each gamete contains half the number of chromosomes of a normal body cell.

7. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 7 I ntroduction (cont’d) Gametes (ovum and sperm cell)  Gametes are produced in the gonads.  Female gonads are the ovaries; male gonads are the testes.

8. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 8 Fertilization  An ovum leaves the ovaries and travels through the fallopian tube.  Fertilization takes place if sperm cells. are present and unite with the ovum.  Fertilized egg implants then divides to form a ball of cells, called a zygote (and later an embryo and then a fetus). I ntroduction (cont’d)

9. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 9 Organs of the Female Reproductive System  Label the diagram  Organs of the female reproductive system, lateral view. lateral view.

10. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10  Organs of the female reproductive system, lateral view. Organs of the Female Reproductive System

11. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 11 QUICK QUIZ: QUICK QUIZ: 1.Fertilized egg implants, then divides to form a ball of cells, called a… A.embryo B.fetus C.follicle D.zygote

12. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 12  Label the diagram  Organs of the female reproductive system anterior view anterior view Organs of the Female Reproductive System (cont’d)

13. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 13  Organs of the female reproductive system anterior view anterior view Organs of the Female Reproduction System (cont’d)

14. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 14 ● The Breast sagittal view sagittal view Organs of the Female Reproductive System (cont’d)

15. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 15 ● The Breast sagittal view sagittal view Organs of the Female Reproductive System (cont’d)

16. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 16 Menstruation and Pregnancy MENSTRUAL CYCLE  Day 1-5 Blood cells, endometrial cells, and glandular secretions discharge from the body. secretions discharge from the body.  Day 6-12 Estrogen aids repair of endometrium. The ovum grows in the follicle. The ovum grows in the follicle.  Day 13-14 Egg leaves the ovary and passes through the fallopian tube. the fallopian tube.  Day 15-28 Corpus luteum secretes progesterone; uterus lining builds up. uterus lining builds up.

17. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 17 Menstruation and Pregnancy (cont’d) MENSTRUAL CYCLE

18. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 18 Menstruation and Pregnancy (cont’d) PREGNANCY  If fertilization occurs, the egg implants in the uterine endometrium.  Placenta forms within the uterine wall.  Amnion holds the fetus in an amniotic cavity.  Nutrients, oxygen and wastes exchange between fetus and mother.  Placenta produces human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).

19. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 19 Menstruation and Pregnancy (cont’d) A, Implantation in the uterus B, Embryo’s relationship to the placenta

20. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 20 Menstruation and Pregnancy (cont’d) A, Implantation in the uterus B, Embryo’s relationship to the placenta

21. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 21 QUICK QUIZ: QUICK QUIZ: 2.Corpus luteum secretes this monthly to build up the lining of the uterus….. A. adreniline B. estrogen C. progesterone D. hCG

22. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 22 QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d) QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d) 3. During Pregnancy what does the placenta secrete? A.adreniline B.hCG C.progesterone D.estrogen

23. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 23 Menstruation and Pregnancy (cont’d) PREGNANCY  Progesterone maintains placenta development.  Uterus expands as fetus grows.  Normal delivery fetal position is cephalic presentation (head first).

24. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 24 Menstruation and Pregnancy (cont’d) PREGNANCY  Three Phases of Labor 1.Dilation of the cervix 2.Birth of the infant 3.Delivery of the placenta

25. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 25 Menstruation and Pregnancy (cont’d) A, Cephalic presentation. B, Delivery of the placenta.

26. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 26 Hormonal Interactions  Pituitary secretes:  Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)  Luteinizing hormone (LH)  Pituitary stops producing FSH and LH  During pregnancy  With oral contraceptives

27. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 27 Hormonal Interactions (cont’d)  Menopause  Gradual ending of the menstrual cycle  Normally begins between 45 and 55  Falling estrogen levels  Option for estrogen replacement therapy (careful consideration of risks required)

28. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 28 Chapter 8 Lesson 8.2

29. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 29 Vocabulary  adnexa uteri  amnion  areola  Bartholin glands  cervix

30. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 30  chorion  clitoris  coitus  corpus luteum  cul-de-sac Vocabulary (cont’d) Vocabulary (cont’d)

31. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 31  embryo  endometrium  estrogen  fallopian tube  fertilization  fetus Vocabulary (cont’d) Vocabulary (cont’d)

32. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 32  fimbriae  follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)  gamete  genitalia  gestation  gonad Vocabulary (cont’d) Vocabulary (cont’d)

33. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 33  gynecology  human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)  hymen  labia  lactiferous ducts Vocabulary (cont’d) Vocabulary (cont’d)

34. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 34  luteinizing hormone (LH)  mammary papilla  menarche  menopause  menstruation Vocabulary (cont’d)

35. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 35  myometrium  neonatology  obstetrics  orifice  ovarian follicle  ovary Vocabulary (cont’d)

36. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 36  ovulation  ovum  parturition  perineum  pituitary gland Vocabulary (cont’d) Vocabulary (cont’d)

37. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 37  placenta  pregnancy  progesterone  puberty  uterine serosa Vocabulary (cont’d) Vocabulary (cont’d)

38. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 38  uterus  vagina  vulva  zygote Vocabulary (cont’d) Vocabulary (cont’d)

39. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 39 QUICK QUIZ: QUICK QUIZ: 4. Which term refers to the inner, mucous membrane lining of the uterus? A. endometrium B. fallopian tube C. chorion D. amnion

40. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 40 COMBINING FORMS  amni/oamnion  cervic/ocervix, neck  chori/ochorion  chorion/ochorion  colp/ovagina Combining FormMeaning Terminology: Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes

41. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 41 COMBINING FORMS  culd/ocul-de-sac  episi/ovulva  galact/omilk  gynec/owoman, female  hyster/outerus, womb Combining FormMeaning Terminology: Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (cont’d )

42. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 42 COMBINING FORMS  lact/omilk  mamm/obreast  mast/obreast  men/omenses, menstruation  metr/outerus Combining FormMeaning Terminology: Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (cont’d)

43. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 43 COMBINING FORMS  my/omuscle  myom/omuscle tumor  nat/ibirth  obstetr/omidwife  o/o egg Combining FormMeaning Terminology: Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (cont’d)

44. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 44 COMBINING FORMS  oophor/oovary  ov/oegg  ovari/oovary  ovul/oegg  perine/operineum Combining FormMeaning Terminology: Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (cont’d)

45. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 45 COMBINING FORMS  phor/oto bear  salping/ofallopian tubes  uter/outerus  vagin/ovagina  vulv/ovulva Combining FormMeaning Terminology: Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (cont’d)

46. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 46 SUFFIXES  -arche beginning  -cyesispregnancy  -gravidapregnancy  -parousto bear, bring forth SuffixMeaning Terminology: Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (cont’d)

47. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 47 SUFFIXES  -rrheadischarge  -salpinxuterine tube  -tocialabor, birth  -versionact of turning SuffixMeaning Terminology: Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (cont’d)

48. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 48 PREFIXES  dys-painful  endo-within  in-in  intra-within  multi-many SuffixMeaning Terminology: Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (cont’d)

49. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 49 PREFIXES  nulli-no, not, none  pre-before  primi-first  retro-backward SuffixMeaning Terminology: Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (cont’d)

50. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 50 QUICK QUIZ: QUICK QUIZ: 5. Which term means removal of the breast? A. hysterectomy B. mastectomy C. mastitis D. mammoplasty

51. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 51 Pathology: Uterus  Carcinoma of the cervix Malignant cells within the cervix Malignant cells within the cervix  Cervicitis Inflammation of the cervix Inflammation of the cervix  Carcinoma of the endometrium Malignant tumor of the uterus Malignant tumor of the uterus  Endometriosis Endometrial tissue located outside the uterus Endometrial tissue located outside the uterus

52. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 52 Pathology: Uterus (cont’d)  Fibroids  Benign tumors of the uterus  Figure shows location of uterine fibroids.

53. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 53 Pathology: Gynecological and Breast  Breast  Carcinoma of the breast  Fibrocystic disease

54. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 54 Pathology: Gynecological and Breast (cont’d) Ovaries  Ovarian carcinoma Malignant tumor of the ovary Malignant tumor of the ovary  Ovarian cysts Collections of fluid within a sac in the ovary Collections of fluid within a sac in the ovary Fallopian Tubes  Pelvic inflammatory disease Examples: salpingitis, oophoritis, endometritis Examples: salpingitis, oophoritis, endometritis

55. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 55 Carcinoma of the breast Image A shows (arrows) mammogram of invasive carcinoma of the breast. Image B is a cut section of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Pathology: Breast

56. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 56 Chapter 8 Lesson 8.3

57. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 57 Pathology: Pregnancy  Abruptio placentae  Premature separation of the implanted placenta  Choriocarcinoma  Malignant tumor of the placenta  Ectopic pregnancy  Misplaced implantation of egg  Placenta previa  Preeclampsia

58. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 58 Pathology: Neonatal  Down syndrome  Erythroblastosis fetalis  Hyaline membrane disease  Hydrocephalus  Meconium aspiration syndrome  Pyloric stenosis

59. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 59 Pathology: Neonatal (cont’d)  APGAR SCORING CHART  Assessment of newborn  Scoring 1 to 5 mins after birth

60. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 60 Clinical Tests and Procedures Clinical tests  Pap test (Pap smear)  Pregnancy test Procedures  X-rays  Ultrasound  Gynecological procedures  Procedures during pregnancy

61. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 61 Clinical Procedures Gynecological procedures  Conization  Removal of a cone- shaped section of the cervix.  Figure shows LEEP for cone biopsy

62. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 62 Clinical Procedures (cont’d) GYNECOLOGICAL PROCEDURES  Laparoscopic oophorectomy oophorectomy  A, Ovary placed in plastic bag.  B, Extracted through the laparoscope

63. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 63 Clinical Tests and Procedures Procedures Procedures during pregnancy  Amniocentesis Needle placement guided by ultrasound images. Needle placement guided by ultrasound images.

64. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 64 Review Sheet COMBINING FORMS  amni/o_________  cephal/o_________  cervic/o_________  chori/o, chorion/o_________  colp/o_________ Combining FormMeaning

65. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 65 COMBINING FORMS  amni/oamnion  cephal/ohead  cervic/ocervix, neck  chori/o, chorion/ochorion  colp/ovagina Combining FormMeaning Review Sheet (cont’d)

66. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 66 COMBINING FORMS  culd/o _________  episi/o _________  galact/o _________  gynec/o _________  hyster/o _________ Combining FormMeaning Review Sheet (cont’d)

67. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 67 COMBINING FORMS  culd/ocul-de-sac  episi/ovulva  galact/omilk  gynec/owoman, female  hyster/outerus, womb Combining FormMeaning Review Sheet (cont’d)

68. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 68 COMBINING FORMS  lact/o _________  mamm/o _________  mast/o _________  men/o _________  metr/o _________ Combining FormMeaning Review Sheet (cont’d)

69. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 69 COMBINING FORMS  lact/omilk  mamm/obreast  mast/obreast  men/omenses, menstruation  metr/outerus Combining FormMeaning Review Sheet (cont’d)

70. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 70 COMBINING FORMS  my/o _________  myom/o _________  nat/i _________  obstetr/o _________  olig/o _________  o/o _________ Combining FormMeaning Review Sheet (cont’d)

71. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 71 COMBINING FORMS  my/omuscle  myom/omuscle tumor  nat/ibirth  obstetr/omidwife  olig/oscanty  o/o egg Combining FormMeaning Review Sheet (cont’d)

72. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 72 COMBINING FORMS  oophor/o _________  ov/o _________  ovari/o _________  ovul/o _________  perine/o _________ Combining FormMeaning Review Sheet (cont’d)

73. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 73 COMBINING FORMS  oophor/oovary  ov/oegg  ovari/oovary  ovul/oegg  perine/operineum Combining FormMeaning Review Sheet (cont’d)

74. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 74 COMBINING FORMS  phor/o _________  py/o _________  salping/o _________  uter/o _________  vagin/o _________  vulv/o _________ Combining FormMeaning Review Sheet (cont’d)

75. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 75 COMBINING FORMS  phor/oto bear  py/opus  salping/ofallopian tubes  uter/outerus  vagin/ovagina  vulv/ovulva Combining FormMeaning Review Sheet (cont’d)

76. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 76 SUFFIXES  -arche _________  -cele _________  -cyesis _________  -ectasis _________  -ectomy _________ SuffixMeaning Review Sheet (cont’d)

77. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 77 SUFFIXES  -arche beginning  -celehernia  -cyesispregnancy  -ectasisstretching, dilation  -ectomyremoval, excision SuffixMeaning Review Sheet (cont’d)

78. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 78 SUFFIXES  -flexion _________  -genesis _________  -gravida _________  -itis _________  -pareunia _________  -parous _________ Suffix Meaning Review Sheet (cont’d)

79. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 79 SUFFIXES  -flexionflexible  -genesisproducing; forming  -gravidapregnancy  -itisinflammation  -pareuniasexual intercourse  -parousto bear, bring forth Suffix Meaning Review Sheet (cont’d)

80. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 80 SUFFIXES  -plasia _________  -plasty _________  -ptosis _________  -rrhagia _________  -rrhaphy _________ SuffixMeaning Review Sheet (cont’d)

81. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 81 SUFFIXES  -plasiadevelopment, formation  -plastysurgical repair  -ptosisdropping, sagging  -rrhagiabursting forth (blood)  -rrhaphysuture SuffixMeaning Review Sheet (cont’d)

82. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 82 SUFFIXES  -rrhea _________  -salpinx _________  -scopy _________  -stenosis _________  -stomy _________ Suffix Meaning Review Sheet (cont’d)

83. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 83 SUFFIXES  -rrheadischarge  -salpinxuterine tube  -scopyvisual examination  -stenosistightening  -stomynew opening SuffixMeaning Review Sheet (cont’d)

84. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 84 SUFFIXES  -tocia _________  -tomy _________  -tresia _________  -version _________ Suffix Meaning Review Sheet (cont’d)

85. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 85 SUFFIXES  -tocialabor, birth  -tomyprocess of cutting  -tresiaopening  -versionact of turning SuffixMeaning Review Sheet (cont’d)

86. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 86 PREFIXES  bi- _________  dys- _________  endo- _________  in- _________  intra- _________  multi- _________ Prefix Meaning Review Sheet (cont’d)

87. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 87 PREFIXES  bi- two  dys-painful  endo-within  in-in  intra-within  multi-many PrefixMeaning Review Sheet (cont’d)

88. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 88 PREFIXES  nulli- _________  oxy- _________  peri- _________  pre- _________ PrefixMeaning Review Sheet (cont’d)

89. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 89 PREFIXES  nulli-no, not, none  oxy-swift, sharp  peri-surrounding  pre-before PrefixMeaning Review Sheet (cont’d)

90. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 90 PREFIXES  primi- _________  pseudo- _________  retro- _________  uni- _________ Prefix Meaning Review Sheet (cont’d)

91. Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 91 PREFIXES  primi-first  pseudo-false  retro-backward  uni-one Prefix Meaning Review Sheet (cont’d)