1. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures Classes of Microorganisms 1

2. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures Classes of Microorganisms Non-pathogenic Non-pathogenic –normal –do not produce disease –beneficial Pathogenic Pathogenic –cause infection and disease May be non-pathogenic in one body system, pathogenic in another (E. coli) May be non-pathogenic in one body system, pathogenic in another (E. coli) 2

3. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures Classes of Microorganisms Aerobic Aerobic –requires oxygen to live Anaerobic Anaerobic –does not require oxygen to live 3

4. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures Classes of Microorganisms 6 classes of microorganisms 6 classes of microorganisms –Bacteria –Protozoa –Fungi –Rickettsiae –Viruses –Helminths 4

5. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures Classes of Microorganisms Bacteria Bacteria Often considered the causes of disease Often considered the causes of disease Certain bacteria Certain bacteria –produce antibiotics –live in the body without problems –live on the roots of certain plants, converting nitrogen into a usable form –help break down dead organic matter Classified by shape and arrangement Classified by shape and arrangement Treated with antibiotics Treated with antibiotics 5

6. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures Classes of Microorganisms Bacteria Bacteria –Cocci-  round in shape –diplococci –streptococci –staphylococci Streptococci Staphylococcal clusters 6

7. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures Classes of Microorganisms Bacteria Bacteria –Bacilli  rod shape –single –pairs –chains  may have flagella  may form spores –difficult to treat 7

8. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures Classes of Microorganisms Bacteria Bacteria –Spirilla  spiral or corkscrew shape –vibrio - spirochete Treponema pallidum Cholera 8

9. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures Classes of Microorganisms Bacteria Bacteria Some bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics Some bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics Very difficult to cure Very difficult to cure –Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA) –Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus (MDSA) 9

10. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures Classes of Microorganisms Protozoa Protozoa –One celled, animal-like organism –Contain a nucleus and other defined organelles 10

11. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures Classes of Microorganisms Fungi Fungi –organisms that usually enjoy a symbiotic, but sometimes parasitic relationship with their host –provide numerous drugs and foods –provide bubbles in bread, champagne, and beer –cause a number of plant and animal diseases –fungal diseases are very difficult to treat 11

12. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures Classes of Microorganisms Fungi Fungi 12

13. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures Classes of Microorganisms Rickettsiae Rickettsiae –rod-shaped, parasitic bacteria –live in the tissues of ticks, fleas, and lice –transmitted to humans through bites –invade the new host from within 13

14. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures Classes of Microorganisms Viruses Viruses –small, infectious agent –requires a host for survival –over 5,000 types –can combine in multiple ways to produce a wide range of diseases –produce immune response in humans –treated with antiviral drugs 14

15. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures Classes of Microorganisms Helminths Helminths –Parasitic worm-like organisms –Live inside the host –Feed off their host –Disrupt nutrient absorption –Lead to weakness –Excrete toxins making host susceptible to other diseases –Approximately 30 billion people globally are infected 15

16. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures Classes of Microorganisms Bacteria Bacteria Protozoa Protozoa Fungi Fungi Rickettsiae Rickettsiae Viruses Viruses Helminths Helminths 16