1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم

2. جدول زمان بندی درس انگل شناسی پرستاری

3. REFERENCES 1- Medical Parasitology; last edition
- Markell, Voge and John
2- Basic Clinical Parasitology; last edition
- Brown & Neva
3- Clinical Parasitology; 4th edition
- E. Saebi
4- Worms & Diseases

4. اهداف آموزشي جلسه اول آشنائي با عوامل بيماريزاي انساني
״ ״ ״ ״ انواع روابط تغذيه اي بين موجودات زنده
تعريف انگل و ميزبان ،دسته بندي انگلها و ميزبان
تعريف واژه ها و مفاهيم مصطلح در انگل شناسي
راههاي ورود انگلها به ميزبان و خروج آنها
اهميت بيماريهاي انگلي( انتشار جغرافيايي و......)
نامگذاري انگلها، دسته بندي سيستماتيك انگلها( تك ياخته و )
كليات تك ياخته شناسي

5. Enviromental Agents: 1-Physical Agents 2-Chemical Agents Biological Agents: a-Viruses b-Prokaryotes c-Eukaryotes

6. Definition of terms Symbiosis: “close association of two organisms”
Different type of symbiosis:
1-Commensalism: “ eating at the same table”
2-Mutualism
3-Phoresis
4-Parasitism
*Parasite
*Parasitology
*Host

7. Different kinds of Parasites (based on relationship between Parasite & Host)
1- Ectoparasite;……Fleas or Ticks
2- Endoparasite;…..Intestinal Amebae
3- Facultative-p. …..Free living Amebae
4- Obligate-p …..Filaria
5- Permanent-p. …...Intestinal Worms
6- Temporary-p. ….Anopheles spp.
7- Accidental-p Fasciola hepatica
8- Abberant-p. ……..Toxocara canis

8. Different kinds of Host
Definitive(Final) Host; ……Anopheles for Malaria p.
Intermediate Host; …………Human for Malaria p.
Reserervior Host;….………Beaver and cats for Giardia
Paratenic Host;………Large Fish for Diphyllobothrium

9. -Vector: a- Mechanical Vector b- Biological Vector Source Life-Cycle
Carrier
Life-Cycle
Zoonosis
Anthroponotic

10. 1- Infestation 2- Infection: 4- Disease A- Super infection
B- Re infection
C- Retro infection
D- Auto infection
4- Disease

11. Sources of exposure to infection or infestation
1- Contaminated soil or water
2- food containing the immature infective stage of the parasite
3- A blood-sucking insect
4- A domestic or wild animal harboring the parasite
5- Another person, his clothing, bedding, or the immediate enviroment that has contaminated
6- One’s self

12. Portal of entry into the body
1- Mouth : - Water
- Soil
- Food
2- Skin : - from the soil
- from the water
- by blood-suking arthropods
3- Inhalation of air-born eggs or cyst
4- Transplacental infection ( congenital )
5- Transmammary ( milk ) infection
6- sexual intercourse infection

13. Healthy Important of Parasitic Diseases:
1- Prevalence; ….. Malaria, Amebiasis, Giardiasis, Leishmaniasis
2- Incidence
3- Drug & Treatment
4- Vaccine & Control
5- Immunity
- natural Immunity
- Acquired Immunity
6-Immunosupressive Diseases

14. Systematic Classification of Living things and Nomination of parasites
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Strain

15. Living things Kingdom 1- Animalia: 2-Plants 3- Protista 4- Monera
Metazoa(many-celled animals)
1- Animalia:
Protozoa(sigle-celled animals)
2-Plants
3- Protista
4- Monera
5-Fungi

16. Classification of Parasites
1- Ectoparasites (Arthropoda)
2- Endoparasites:
A)- Protozoa
- Using Light Microscopic ; (Amebae,Flagellates,Ciliates,Sporozoea)
- Using Electronic Microscopic ; (Sarcomastigophora,Apicomplexa,,Microspora)
B)Metazoa
Helminthes; [ Nematoda, Platy-Helminthes(Trematoda,Cestoda)]

17. Protozoa
Definition: “unicellular”, “acellular” or eukaryotic single cell-like micro-organismes
Number:
Size:
Form:
ectoplasm(gel state)
cytoplasm
endoplasm(sol state)
Body of protozoa: protoplasm
nucleoplasm

18. Nucleus: Containing chromosomes: Type of nucleus: 1- vesicular n.
reproduction
Containing chromosomes:
transmission of genes
Type of nucleus:
1- vesicular n.
2- compact or graular n.
similar n.
3- bi-nuclated:
dissimilar n. : macro & micronucleus
4- multi-nuclated:

19. Ectoplasm Function Endoplasm Function
1-Protection of the organism Locomotor pparatus
3-Food ingestion Respiration
5-Discharge of metabolic wastes
Endoplasm Function
containing ; mitochondria,golgi, Glycogen vacuoles & chromatidal bodies , Food vacuoles...
Food synthesis
Excretory vacuoles(collection of fluid wastes)
Contractive vacuoles(maintain osmotic pressure)

20. Vital function 1-Locomotion: locomotory organelles;
1-1 Pseudopodia Cilia Flagellum
1-4 Undulating membran without l.organell(gliding movement)
2-Respiration: aerobic(blood & tissue pro.)
micro-aerophilic(intestinal pro.)
3- Nutrition: - liquid absorbtion cell mouth(cytostome)
-pinocytosis phagocytosis

21. Reproduction of protozoa
Asexual:
1- Binary-fission : (amaebae)
2-Budding or Endodiogeny : Coccidia
3- Schizogony(merogony)
: plasmodium
Sexual:
1- Syngamy:
Free-flagellates
2- Sprogony :
Malaria parasites
3-Conjugation:
Ciliata

22. Life cycle of protozoa Trophozoite transmission: Encystment factors:
(e.g.; Enta. Gingivalis)
Encystment factors:
-defieciency or overabundance of food supply
-excess of catabolic products
PH changes
…………………
…………………..
Cyst transmission:
1-Free-living protozoa
2-Parasitic protozoa
Excystment factors:
-osmotic changes
-enzymatic action
-host enzymes
……………….
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