1. 1 Parasitology Historical groupings Ecto/Endoparasites Obligate/Facultative parasites Permanent/Temporary parasites

2. 2 Biological Vectors Hyperparasitism –e.g mosquito carrying malaria protozoan Biological vectors Mechanical vectors

3. 3 Host–Parasite Relationships Definitive host Intermediate host

4. 4 Parasite Defenses Encystment Immunological challenges Host cell invasion to escape Immune system

5. 5 Parasite Damage Nutritional deprivation Direct trauma/obstruction Inflammation

6. 6 Plant-like Protozoa (Algae) –Euglenoids –Diatoms –Dinoflagellates

7. 7 Fungus-like Protozoa Water molds Slime Molds

8. 8 Animal-like Protozoa Mastigophorans –Use flagellae Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma cruzi

9. 9 Animal-like Protozoa Amebozoa –Ameboid movement with pseudopods Entamoeba histolytica

10. 10 Animal-like Protozoa Apicomplexans Apical enzyme complex assists host cell penetration –Plasmodium –Toxoplasma gondii

11. 11 Animal-like Protozoa Ciliates –Move with cilia –Balantidium coli

12. 12 Fungi Mycology Single celled Multicellular –Thallus –Mycelium –Hyphus –Septae

13. 13 Importance of Fungi Industry Decomposers Antibiotic producers Pathogens

14. 14 Classification — Fungal Phyla Phylum Zygomycota Conjugation Fungi –Coenocytic hyphae –Molds –Rhizopus –Opportunistic Phylum Ascomycota (Sac) Yeasts and multicellular fungi Septate hyphae when multicellular –Penicillium –Saccharomyces –Candida –Trichphyton –Aspergillus –Blastomyces

15. 15 Classification — Other Phyla Basidiomycota (Club) –Multicellular, septate hyphae Deuteromycota (Imperfect) –Sexual forms not (yet?) observed –Likely to be Ascomycota when classification is completed

16. 16 Helminths - Platyhelminths Phylum Platyhelmintha (Flatworms) Flukes (Class = =Trematodes) –Schistosoma japonicum Tapeworm (Class = Cestodes) –Taenia saginata

17. 17 Helminths - Nematodes Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms) –Trichinella spiralis

18. 18 Arthropods Arachnids –Spiders, scorpions, ticks and mites –Ticks as Vectors Ixodes for B. burgdorferi Viral encephalitis Colorado tickfever Bacterial Rocky Mountain spotted fever Insects –Vectors for Borrelia causing relapsing fever –Fleas can carry Yersinia pestis –Mosquitoes carry Plasmodium and Wuchereria Crustaceans –Few may transmit disease, including Guinea worms