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Chapter 10 The Renaissance was an age of rapid change during which people turned from medieval values of hierarchy, community, and authority to embrace individualism and realism. The Renaissance: a Controversial Idea Medieval Antecedents
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A New Spirit Emerges: Individualism, Realism, and Activism
Why Italy? Plague Disruptions A Multifaceted Movement Individualism Realism Activism A Secular Spirit
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A New Spirit Emerges: Individualism, Realism, and Activism
Humanism: The Path to Self-Improvement Humanist Curriculum Self-Improvement Books Women Humanists The Generosity of Patrons: Supporting New Ideas Religious Patronage The Invention of the Printing Press: Spreading New Ideas
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Chapter 10 The struggle between popes and emperors allowed the Italian city-states the opportunity to govern themselves independently, using a variety of governments ranging from republic to hereditary monarchies.
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The Politics of Individual Effort
The Italian City-States Florence: Birthplace of the Renaissance The Medici Sovonarola Venice: The Serene Republic? Overseas Trade
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The Politics of Individual Effort
Milan and Naples: Two Principalities Naples The Papal States Papal Patronage The Borgia Family Julius II The Art of Diplomacy Machiavelli
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Chapter 10 The Renaissance encouraged individualism for some, but the family remained the most stable structure in Renaissance life, and freedoms were limited for some members of society. Rising Crime
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Individualism as Self-Interest: Life During the Renaissance
Growing Intolerance Economic Boom Times Wool and Silk Banking Slavery Revived Sources of Slaves Finding Comfort in Family Marriage Alliances Children’s Lives Childhood Hardships
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Chapter 10 Although some experienced harshness and inequality during the Renaissance, this period also produced great artists who combined classical ideals, the religious themes of the medieval period, and the realism of their own era to create works of enduring beauty.
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An Age of Talent and Beauty: Renaissance Culture and Science
Artists and Artisans Architecture: Echoing the Human Form Human Architecture Domes Town Planning Sculpture Comes into Its Own Michelangelo’s David
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An Age of Talent and Beauty: Renaissance Culture and Science
Painting from a new Perspective Linear Perspective Rapheal Science or Pseudoscience? Astrology and Alchemy Mathematics and Anatomy Leonardo da Vinci: The “Renaissance Man” Painting Scientific Notebooks
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Chapter 10 As feudalism disintegrated in Northern Europe, monarchs concentrated their royal authority and encouraged the incorporation of Renaissance ideas into their own cultures.
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Renaissance of the “New Monarchies” of the North: 1453-1640
France: Under the Italian Influence Louis the Spider Italians in France English Humanism Thomas More Renaissance Queens Renaissance London: A Booming City The South Bank England’s Pride: William Shakespeare
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Chapter 11 The expansionist wars of the sixteenth century were motivated by the hunger of monarchs for land and power, but soldiers and civilians bore the heavy costs of these wars.
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The Clash of Dynasties, 1515-1555
Land-Hungry Monarchs Turkish Expansion The Changing Rules of Warfare Growing Armies Winners and Losers Casualties of War The Habsburg-Valois Wars, Weary Imperialists
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Chapter 11 The humanism of the Renaissance was accompanied by questions about salvation that eventually led to a religious revolution across Europe.
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A Tide of Religious Reform
The Best Path to Salvation? Desiderius Erasmus: “Prince of Humanists” Religious Satires Luther’s Revolution Attack on Indulgences Ninety-Five Theses Protestant Religious Ideas Priesthood of all Believers Sacraments
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A Tide of Religious Reform
The Reformed Church takes Root in Germany Peasants’ War Peace of Augsburg Bringing Reform to the States in Switzerland Zwingli Anabaptists: Radical Reformers Church VS. State Radical Reformers
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A Tide of Religious Reform
Calvinism and the Growing Middle Class Predestination Spread of Calvinism Henry VIII and the English Church Seeking a Male Heir Henry’s Annulment Church of England Edward VI “Bloody Mary” Elizabeth I Europe Divided
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Chapter 11 The spirit of reform also took hold with the Catholic church, and in the process, Catholicism itself was transformed and reaffirmed. The Stirring of Reform in Spain
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The Catholic Reformation
The Society of Jesus Jesuits Established Baroque Art The Council of Trent, Reforming Corruption Affirming Doctrine El Greco Scripture and Tradition Catholics on the Offense Spanish Inquisition Philip II
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Chapter 11 The religious wars that plagued Europe in the sixteenth century also raised questions of the relationship between states and religions and the rights of rulers to decide the faiths of their subjects.
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Europe Erupts Again: A Century of Religious Warfare, 1559-1648
French Wars of Religion, Catholics vs. Huguenots Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre Peace in France A “Council of Blood” in the Netherlands, Revolt Breaks Out Armada Against England Netherlands Split
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Europe Erupts Again: A Century of Religious Warfare, 1559-1648
The Thirty Years’ War, War Breaks Out Wallenstein From Religion to Politics Devastation Peace at Westphalia Political Results
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Chapter 11 The Protestant Reformation provoked dramatic changes in attitudes toward marriage, education, work, and community.
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Life After the Reformation
New Definitions of Courtship and Marriage Courtship Forging a Link Between Education and Work Valuing literacy Valuing Work Anxiety and Spiritual Insecurity Charitable Institutions Decline of “magic” Searching for Scapegoats: The Hunt for Witches Devil Worship Persecutions
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Chapter 12 Drawn by the luxuries of the east, Europeans set out to explore a world distorted by their own imaginations and lack of knowledge.
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The World Imagined The Lure of the “East” Imagined Peoples
Eastern Trade Imagined Peoples Ptolemy’s Map Ptolemy’s World View
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Chapter 12 Fame, fortune, and faith motivated the explorations that led to the discovery of the New World and European settlements across the globe.
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The World Discovered Fame, Fortune, and Faith: The Drive to Explore
New Technologies and Travel Navigation Instruments Improved Ships The Portuguese Race for the East, Trading Outposts
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The World Discovered Spain’s Westward Discoveries, 1492-1522
Columbus’ Discoveries Treaty of Tordesillas Circumnavigating the Globe The Northern Europeans Join the Race, Settlements in Canada Dutch Colonies English Colonies
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Chapter 12 Early contacts between Europeans and other peoples quickly deteriorated as Europeans forced Amerindians, Africans, and Asians to cooperate in the fulfillment of European material and spiritual needs.
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Confrontation of Cultures
The Original Americans Agriculture Empire Building Aztec Empire Early Contacts North American Contacts Deteriorating Relations Conquest of the Great Empires, Corte’s Explorations Confronting the Aztecs Aztecs Conquered Incas Conquered Germs
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Confrontation of Cultures
Life and Death Under European Rule, Enforced Labor American Mortality The African Slave Trade Sugar Plantations African Slaves Impact in Africa Slave Rebellions Gathering Souls in the New Lands Virgin of Guadalupe Missionaries Christianity Transformed
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Chapter 12 The Emergence of trade on a global scale triggered revolutionary changes in government policies, banking, work, and attitudes.
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The World Market and Commercial Revolution
High Prices and Profit: Trading on the World Stage Inflation The Rise of Commercial Capitalism Capitalist Ideas Joint-Stock Companies Mercantilism: Controlling the Balance of Trade Economic Nationalism Economic Regulations The Growth of Banking State Banks
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The World Market and Commercial Revolution
The Danger of Overspending: Spain Learns a Lesson Redefining Work Roles Women’s Work Leaving the Work Force Piracy: Banditry on a World Scale, Early Privateers Pirate Life
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Chapter 12 Contact and commerce between Europe and the rest of the world transformed both European and American; and African and Asian cultures as plants, goods, and ideas were exchanged.
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European Culture Spreads
Plants Population Mixing European Culture Transformed New Foods New Stimulants Tobacco A New Worldview Scientific Observations Mercator Maps
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