1. URBAN RESILIENCE PROJECT Presentation at LCG-DER
BANGLADESH
URBAN RESILIENCE PROJECT
Presentation at LCG-DER
July 8, 2015

2. Background
Bangladesh is one of the world’s most disaster prone countries.
The country is highly exposed to a variety of hazards, such as floods, cyclones, tidal surges, and earthquakes
The Government of Bangladesh has shown that proactively investing in Disaster Risk Management (DRM) saves lives, reduces economic losses, and protects development gains.
GoB has successfully instituted disaster risk reduction policies and invested in infrastructure along coastal areas to mitigate the risk from floods and cyclones
City-level actors are critical to the effort of developing resilient and live-able cities in Bangladesh.
Creating an enabling environment for coordinated, locally-managed DRM is essential

3. Bangladesh is a leader in coastal resilience
BACKGROUND
Bangladesh context
Bangladesh is a leader in coastal resilience

4. However urban resilience is lacking
BACKGROUND
Vulnerable Urban Infrastructure
However urban resilience is lacking
Brittle
Flammable

5. Bashundhara City Fire 13 March, 2009,
BACKGROUND
Recent fires and collapses
BSEC Building Fire, 26 Feb, 2007
Dead – 03, Injured - 55
Bashundhara City Fire 13 March, 2009,
Dead – 07, Injured 35
Nimtoly Fire, 03 June,
Dead – 123, Injured 240
April 23, 2013: Dead – 1127, Injured

6. Rana Plaza collapse – crisis catalyzing change
BACKGROUND
Rana Plaza collapse
Rana Plaza collapse – crisis catalyzing change
The building houses factories for major clothing brands such as Benetton, Primark and Mango and other well known shops such as C&A, Matalan, and Wal-Mart
Employs about 5,000 factory workers

7. BACKGROUND
Rana Plaza collapse

8. Issues: Rana Plaza Collapse?
BACKGROUND
Rana Plaza collapse
Issues: Rana Plaza Collapse?
Lack of quality infrastructure
Lack of urban emergency management system

9. Unregulated building construction
BACKGROUND
Rana Plaza collapse
Unregulated building construction
Approved as a 7-storied building but later constructed to 10 floors
Original seven storied design did not comply to the Bangladesh National Building Code
Material property varied from place to place - indicative of poor quality control
The structural designers IEB no. mentioned in the drawings was fake (M/ )

10. Weak Emergency Response System
BACKGROUND
Rana Plaza collapse
Weak Emergency Response System
The Emergency Response System lacks:
Accountability, including unclear chain of command and supervision
Communication system, including system integration
Orderly, systematic planning
Predefined methods to integrate interagency requirements into the management structure and planning process

11. BACKGROUND
Historical perspective
… just like between 1870 and 1960

12. … just like between 1870 and 1960 BACKGROUND Historical perspective
Boston Fire 1872
Great Boston Fire 1872: Boston’s largest urban fire, and still ranks as one of the most costly fire-related property losses in American history

13. … just like between 1870 and 1960 … just like between 1875 and 1925
BACKGROUND
Historical perspective
… just like between 1875 and 1925
… just like between 1870 and 1960
San Francisco Earthquake 1906
San Francisco Earthquake 1906

14. … just like between 1870 and 1960 BACKGROUND Historical perspective
Tokyo
EARTHQUAKE 1923
Tokyo Earthquake 1923 – Great Kanto Earthquake destroyed Tokyo

15. … just like between 1870 and 1960 BACKGROUND Historical perspective
Chile EARTHQUAKE 1960
Tokyo Earthquake 1923 – Great Kanto Earthquake destroyed Tokyo

16. What caused these urban disasters?
BACKGROUND
Historical perspective
What caused these urban disasters?
Lack of responsiveness to the needs of citizens
Poor implementation and enforcement of building codes
Land plans were biased by rent seeking and lobbies
Infrastructure to support emergency services was not well built
Emergency service providers were not professionalized
Experts believed cities were doomed to never improve
These are the same challenges confronting cities like
Dhaka and Sylhet today!

17. Addressing those Critical Issues
The GoB has been working with the World Bank since 2012 in preparation for the planned investments addressing the aforementioned issues.
This collaboration has been supported by the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR), to address seismic risk and the structural vulnerability of urban buildings and infrastructure.
Urban Resilience Program (URP) was approved by the World Bank Board in March 2015 and signed by the Government and World Bank on June 30, 2015.

18. Urban Resilience Program (URP)
The project development objective is to strengthen the capacity of Government of Bangladesh agencies to respond to emergency events and to strengthen systems to reduce the vulnerability of future building construction to disasters in Dhaka and Sylhet.

19. Project Objectives
The project development objective will be achieved by:
Enhancing national-level and local-level DRM facilities and agencies in Dhaka and Sylhet to effectively plan and respond to urban disasters. This will be achieved by developing disaster response systems, including emergency operations center, interoperability communication systems, rescue and search equipment, and related training and drills;
Assessing the vulnerability of essential infrastructure, public facilities, and lifelines;
Ensuring resilient construction by integrating disaster risk into development planning, and establishing the infrastructure to ensure an efficient process for land use and zoning clearance (e.g.: improved permitting systems and building code enforcement).

20. Project Implementation Structure (1)
The Urban Resilience Project (URP) – Phase 1 will be implemented by the following Implementing Agencies:
DDM: (1) Renovate and Outfit National-Level DRM Facilities; (2) Provide Training, Exercises and Drills to National-Level and Local-level Agencies Involved in DRM (US$15 million)
DNCC (on behalf of DNCC, DSCC, SCC and FSCD): (1) Build, Renovate and Outfit Local-Level City Corporation and FSCD DRM Facilities; (2) Supply, Install and Integrate Specialized Emergency Management and Communications Technology (ECT) Equipment for DRM and Emergency Response within the National-Level and the Local-Level Agencies; (3) Supply Specialized Search and Rescue Equipment to Local-Level Agencies Involved in DRM (US$95 million)
RAJUK: (1) Conduct a Vulnerability Assessment of Critical and Essential Facilities and Lifelines; (2) Support the Development of a Risk-Sensitive Land Use Planning Practice in Dhaka; (3) Create and Operationalize an Urban Resilience Unit (URU) in RAJUK to Support DRR Mainstreaming and Improve Dhaka Urban Resilience; (4) Establish an Electronic Construction Permitting System; (5) Introduce a Professional Accreditation Program for Engineers, Architects and Planners; and (6) Improve Building Code Enforcement within RAJUK Jurisdiction (US$53 million)
PCMU: (1) Project Coordination, Monitoring, and Evaluation (US$10 million)
TOTAL: US$173 million

21. Project Implementation Structure (2)
Sl.
Component
Sub-component
Subcomponent Description
Implementing Agency
Total Cost
(US$ m) 1
Component A: Reinforcing the Country’s Emergency Management Response Capacity A1
Renovate and Outfit National-Level DRM Facilities
DDM
2.3 A2
Build, Renovate and Outfit Local-Level City Corporation and FSCD DRM Facilities
DNCC 8 A3
Supply, Install and Integrate Specialized ECT Equipment for DRM and Emergency Response within the National-Level and the Local-Level Agencies
47.5 A4
Supply Specialized Search and Rescue Equipment to Local-Level Agencies Involved in DRM
39.5 A5
Provide Training, Exercises and Drills (TED) to National-Level and Local-level Agencies Involved in DRM
12.7 2
Component B: Vulnerability Assessment of Critical and Essential Facilities B1
Conduct a Vulnerability Assessment of Critical and Essential Facilities and Lifelines
RAJUK
6.6 B2
Support the Development of a Risk-Sensitive Land Use Planning Practice in Dhaka
5.4

22. Project Implementation Structure (3)
Sl.
Component
Sub-component
Subcomponent Description
Implementing Agency
Total Cost
(US$ m) 3
Component C: Improved Construction, Urban Planning and Development C1
Create and Operationalize a URU in RAJUK
RAJUK
23.4 C2
Establish an Electronic Construction Permitting System
8.7 C3
Set Up a Professional Accreditation Program for Engineers, Architects and Planners
4.7 C4
Improve Building Code Enforcement within RAJUK Jurisdiction
4.2 4
Component D:
Project Coordination, Monitoring, and Evaluation D
PCMU 10 5
Component E:
Contingent Emergency Response Component E
TOTAL
173

23. Urban Resilience Building Urban Resilience Integrating themes
Law and Regulation Establishment
Human Resources Development
Disaster Management Information System
Enforcement
[Presenter’s Text]
Disaster Response Capacity
Disaster Management Capacity
Institutional
Arrangement

24. BANGLADESH: URBAN RESILIENCE PROJECT
Swarna Kazi
Disaster Risk Management Specialist
World Bank