Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River,

Published byLora Garrison Modified over 9 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River,"— Presentation transcript:

1 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

2 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. Chapter 2 Research Methods

3 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. Research Methods in Psychology Why do we need scientific methods? Why do we need scientific methods? Hindsight biasHindsight bias False consensus effectFalse consensus effect Critical thinkingCritical thinking Empiricism Empiricism Empirical challenges of studying peopleEmpirical challenges of studying people People are complex People are complex People are different People are different People react to situations differently People react to situations differently

4 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. Research Methods in Psychology The story of clever Hans The story of clever Hans Facts, theories and hypothesisFacts, theories and hypothesis What can we learn from Hans?What can we learn from Hans? Be skeptical Be skeptical Observe carefully in controlled conditions Observe carefully in controlled conditions Be aware of observer-expectancy effects Be aware of observer-expectancy effects

5 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. Research Methods in Psychology

6 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. Types of Research Strategies Research design: The experiment Research design: The experiment VariablesVariables ParticipantsParticipants ConfederatesConfederates Independent variableIndependent variable Dependent variableDependent variable Random assignmentRandom assignment

7 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. Types of Research Strategies

8 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. Types of Research Strategies Research design: The correlational study Research design: The correlational study Matched samples and pairsMatched samples and pairs

9 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. Types of Research Strategies Research design: The descriptive study Research design: The descriptive study Naturalistic observationNaturalistic observation Laboratory observationLaboratory observation Case studiesCase studies SurveySurvey

10 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. Types of Research Strategies Research settings Research settings Laboratory studyLaboratory study Field studyField study

11 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. Types of Research Strategies Data collection methods Data collection methods Self-report methodSelf-report method QuestionnairesQuestionnaires InterviewsInterviews Observational methodsObservational methods Data collection pros and consData collection pros and cons

12 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. Statistical Methods in Psychology Descriptive statistics Descriptive statistics Measure of central tendencyMeasure of central tendency Mean Mean Median Median Mode Mode Measure of variabilityMeasure of variability Range Range Standard deviation Standard deviation Deviation score Deviation score

13 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. Statistical Methods in Psychology Descriptive statistics Descriptive statistics Frequency distributionsFrequency distributions Bar graphs Bar graphs Histograms Histograms

14 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. Statistical Methods in Psychology Inferential statistics Inferential statistics Normal distribution and skewed distributionNormal distribution and skewed distribution Normal curve Normal curve Skewed distribution Skewed distribution Statistical significanceStatistical significance Level of significance Level of significance Size of effect Size of effect Number of subjects Number of subjects Variability of data within each group Variability of data within each group Use of statistical significanceUse of statistical significance

15 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. Statistical Methods in Psychology

16 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. Minimizing Bias in Psychological Research Error Error Bias Bias Avoiding biased samplesAvoiding biased samples Avoiding measurement biasAvoiding measurement bias Face validity Face validity Criterion validity Criterion validity Predictive validity Predictive validity Construct validity Construct validity Internal validity Internal validity External validity External validity

17 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. Minimizing Bias in Psychological Research Avoiding observer and subject expectancy effects Avoiding observer and subject expectancy effects Observer-expectancy effectObserver-expectancy effect Subject-expectancy effectSubject-expectancy effect Double-blind experimentDouble-blind experiment PlaceboPlacebo Placebo effectPlacebo effect

18 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. Ethical Issues in Psychological Research Research with humans Research with humans The right to privacyThe right to privacy Possibility of discomfort or harmPossibility of discomfort or harm The use of deceptionThe use of deception Research with animals Research with animals How can we ensure ethical research? How can we ensure ethical research? Institutional Review BoardsInstitutional Review Boards

19 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. THINK Readings Becoming Friends by Chance

Download ppt "Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River,"

Similar presentations

The Research Process: How We Find Things Out

The Research Process: How We Find Things Out
Chapter One Thinking Critically in the Social Sciences.

Chapter One Thinking Critically in the Social Sciences.
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed)

Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed)
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed) Chapter 1 Thinking Critically with Psychological Science James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers.

Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed) Chapter 1 Thinking Critically with Psychological Science James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers.
Research in Psychology Chapter Two

Research in Psychology Chapter Two
AP Psychology Rowland High School

AP Psychology Rowland High School
Chapter 14 Analyzing Quantitative Data. LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT Nominal Measurement Nominal Measurement Ordinal Measurement Ordinal Measurement Interval.

Chapter 14 Analyzing Quantitative Data. LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT Nominal Measurement Nominal Measurement Ordinal Measurement Ordinal Measurement Interval.
PSYCO 105: Individual and Social Behaviour Lecture 1: The Ways and Means of Psychology.

PSYCO 105: Individual and Social Behaviour Lecture 1: The Ways and Means of Psychology.
Psychology 242 Research Methods II Dr. David Allbritton

Psychology 242 Research Methods II Dr. David Allbritton
Research Methods The science of Psychology. Psychology is the science of :  How the human mind works.  How the mind enables people to adjust to their.

Research Methods The science of Psychology. Psychology is the science of :  How the human mind works.  How the mind enables people to adjust to their.
Research Methods AP Psych – Chapter 2 Psychology’s Scientific Method

Research Methods AP Psych – Chapter 2 Psychology’s Scientific Method
Chapter 2 Research Methods. The Scientific Approach: A Search for Laws Empiricism: testing hypothesis Basic assumption: events are governed by some lawful.

Chapter 2 Research Methods. The Scientific Approach: A Search for Laws Empiricism: testing hypothesis Basic assumption: events are governed by some lawful.
Critical and Scientific Thinking in Psychology chapter 1.

Critical and Scientific Thinking in Psychology chapter 1.
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 2 Psychology’s Scientific Method.

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 2 Psychology’s Scientific Method.
Chapter 2: The Research Enterprise in Psychology

Chapter 2: The Research Enterprise in Psychology
Basic Concepts of Research Basis of scientific method Making observations in systematic way Follow strict rules of evidence Critical thinking about evidence.

Basic Concepts of Research Basis of scientific method Making observations in systematic way Follow strict rules of evidence Critical thinking about evidence.
Industrial and Organizational Psychology Methods For I/O Research Copyright Paul E. Spector, All rights reserved, March 15, 2005.

Industrial and Organizational Psychology Methods For I/O Research Copyright Paul E. Spector, All rights reserved, March 15, 2005.
Chapter 2: The Research Enterprise in Psychology

Chapter 2: The Research Enterprise in Psychology
Research Methods Unit 2 (Chapter 2).

Research Methods Unit 2 (Chapter 2).
Chapter 2 Research Methods. The Scientific Approach: A Search for Laws Empiricism: testing hypothesis Basic assumption: events are governed by some lawful.

Chapter 2 Research Methods. The Scientific Approach: A Search for Laws Empiricism: testing hypothesis Basic assumption: events are governed by some lawful.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google