1. Rodent Feed-Through Insecticides Used to Control Sand Flies-Registration and Field Work Challenge Richard Poche’, Genesis Labs Wellington, Colorado

2. The Problem Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

3. The Process Screen compounds that are efficacious against larval/adult sand flies Develop formulation(s) that are species specific Collect data for EPA Section 3 registration application –Product chemistry –Product performance –Environmental safety –Regulatory hurtles

4. Rodent Species + Vector Fat sand rat Psammomys obesus Jird Meriones spp Sand fly species –Phlebotomus papatasi

5. Leishmania major ecology Sand flySand ratSaltbush Promastigote Amastigote

6. Bait Development Rodent food habits in the wild Laboratory screening of potential bait ingredients Attractants Bait type –Grain –Pellet –Gel ? Pilot field test Large-scale field test

7. Colorado

10. Lab Studies with Fleas on Rodents

11. Mortality of P. papatasi 1st instar larvae due to imidacloprid

12. Mortality of P. papatasi 1st instar larvae due to imidacloprid: effect of host sex

13. Israel

24. Tunisia

38. Lab test using 0.025% imidacloprid bait presented to the jird Meriones shawii

39. Efficacy of products on Phlebotomus argentipes larvae when fed Rattus rattus feces collected after feed-through

40. Fipronil 0.015% as a feed-through for use against P. argentipes Percentage Days

43. Outcome

46. Field Rodent Flea Control Bait Targets ground squirrels- Spermophilus spp. Oropsylla idahoensis, Hoplosyllus anomalus – and other species Soon to add prairie dogs Cynomys spp. and O. hirsuta Borchert, J. et al. 2009. J. Medical Entomology. In press.

49. Feed-through experiments with P. argentipes Ivermetcin Ivermectin + parziquantel Diflubenzuron Fipronil Flumethrin Fenbendazole Doramectin Moxidectin Beta-cyfluthrin Garlic Tetrachlorvinphos

50. Plans for 2010-11 Continue screening candidate compounds Conduct field trials in Tunisia, Israel, and Egypt Develop data package for selected compounds for EPA approval Conduct finalized testing using Good Laboratory Practice Standards

51. Acknowledgement This research was funded by the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program, funded by the US Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB)

52. Acknowledgements Many people who assisted with the study in some way: Ed Rowton, Gideon Wasserberg, David Miller, David Poche, Marcus O’Bryon, Elyes & Efm Zioua, Ruti Berger, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, Pasteur Institute, Tunisia