1. Konrad Adenauer Supporter of Western Liberal democracy and Catholic conservatism

2. ‘Chancellor Democracy’ ‘Chancellor of the Allies’ Chancellor and Foreign Minister

3. Adenauer’s Policies ‘Reject the East, integrate with the West’ Joined the EEC- European Economic Community in 1957 Joined NATO- 1955 Bundeswehr – army created 1955 Ignore 1953 uprising Refused to recognise the GDR as a separate state or to have diplomatic relations with any powers that did recognise it. East Germany ‘the zone’ until the 1970s

4. The economic miracle Former Economic director of Bizonia Dr Ludwig Erhard ‘social market economy’ ‘Prosperity for all’

5. Evidence of a successful Economy Growth of motorisation Second half of the 1950s saw change, 63% have a fridge, 42% have a TV High levels of production: By 1950s more coal being mined that in 1936 Important trading power: tools, machines, cars Unemployment went down to one million by 1955. Full employment 1960s Shortage of workers 1960s led to foreign labour from Italy and Turkey

6. Why? Good resources: coal and iron West Germany not as damaged Skilled workforce from GDR $1.5 billion from Marshall Aid Industrial peace Consumer demand Government spending was low: no reparations and limited defence cost to begin with Korean War 1950-1952 As the economy grew, wages grew

7. Social Policy Welfare State: unemployment benefit, pensions, sick pay, accident insurance Education reform limited 6 million houses built 1961

8. Women Ethos was traditional Women did not always get equal pay. 40% less on average. Social welfare geared towards preserving the family rather than equality ‘The expectations that a woman should marry, raise a family and build her life around the private sphere remained in force’ Contrast to GDR where women were encouraged to work and have a family

9. “ Seldom in history has a defeated power recovered so quickly. The FRG had become a fully integrated part of a Western military defence system and its freedom was guaranteed, it was being accepted on an equal level with the other West European states’

10. Adenauer’s foreign policy European Coal and Steel Community 1951 with France and Italy. It meant that coal and steel production increased by 22% 1952-1957 European Economic Community EEC 1957 French-German Treaty 1963: political co- operation and lasting friendship

11. Relationship with the GDR ‘Soviet Occupation zone’ Not accepted as a state FRG claimed to represent German interests Hallstein Doctrine: refuse to have diplomatic relations with any state that officially recognised the GDR (except Russia)