2.  The most common definitions are the ratio of yield (Y) to applied water (AW) or the ratio of evapotranspiration (ET) to AW.

3.  Design of irrigation system  The degree of land preparation  Skill and care of irrigator

4.  The percentage of average application amount received in the least-watered quarter of the field.  Ud = 100 ( Lq / Xm)  Lq = Average low-quarter depth of water infiltrated (or caught)  Xm= Average depth of water infiltrated

5.  Uniformity of drip irrigation systems is usually a combination of measuring the variability of emissions from individual emitters and pressure variations within the entire system.  As with the sprinkler systems this method of measuring non-uniformity captures the entire degree of variability.

6. CONT…….  The greatest utility of measuring uniformity of furrow systems is to guide the management on that particular field.  Irrigation uniformity can be altered by length of furrow, rate of water application, and duration of irrigation.

7. Irrigation Water Losses

8. Drawback in conventional irrigation system

10. Water Conveyance Efficiency (Ec):  The percentage of source water that reaches the field.  Ec = 100 (W f / Ws)  W f = Water delivered to field  Ws = Water diverted from source

11. Water Storage Efficiency (Es):  The percentage of water delivered to the field is used by the crop.  Es = 100 (Ws / W f )  Ws= Water stored in the root zone of the plants  W f = Water delivered to field

12. Range of Application Efficiencies for Various Irrigation Systems System TypeApplication Efficiency Range* (%) Surface Irrigation Basin Border Furrow Surge 60 – 95 60 – 90 50 – 90 60 – 90 Sprinkler Irrigation Hand move Traveling Gun Center Pivot & Linear Solid Set 65 – 80 60 – 70 70 – 95 70 – 85 Micro irrigation Point source emitters Line source emitter 75 – 95 70 – 95

13. Water Distribution Efficiency (Ed):  The percentage of the average application depth delivered to the least-watered part of the field.  Ed = 100 [ 1- (y/d) ]  y = Average absolute numerical deviation in depth of water stored from average depth stored during the irrigation  d = Average depth of water stored during irrigation