1. Turkey It’s really, really great.

2. The flag of Turkey

3. Geography Area: 780,580 Kilometers Slightly larger than Texas Capital is Ankara

4. But… Texas has never come close to winning the World Cup

5. OLAY! Turkey: 01 Texas: 00

6. Real Turkey isn’t cooked, it establishes its independence The move to become an independent state was made by a man named Mustafa Kemal. The move to become an independent state was made by a man named Mustafa Kemal.

7. ~~~Mustafa Kemal~~~ “Father of Turkey” His success at leading the movement towards becoming an independent state in addition to making many social reforms as the first authoritarian leader of the country led him to receive the title of “the father of Turkey”. His success at leading the movement towards becoming an independent state in addition to making many social reforms as the first authoritarian leader of the country led him to receive the title of “the father of Turkey”.

8. Mt.Ararat Turkey is home of Mt. Ararat which is rumored to be the home of the Ark’s final resting place.

9. Mt.Ararat Texas has never been rumored to have Noah’s Ark.

10. OLAY! Turkey: 02 Texas: 01

11. Surrounding Countries Greece Greece Bulgaria Bulgaria Georgia Georgia Armenia Armenia Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Iran Iran Iraq Iraq Syria Syria Cyprus (Which is located 47 miles south of Turkey in the Mediterranean Sea) Cyprus (Which is located 47 miles south of Turkey in the Mediterranean Sea)

12. Demographics Population: 69,660,559 Population Growth Rate: 1.09% Birth Rate: 16.83/1,000 population Death Rate: 5.96/1,000 population Total Fertility Rate: 1.94 children born/woman

13. Demographics Languages Turkish Turkish Kurdish Kurdish Arabic Arabic Armenian Armenian Greek GreekEthnicities 80% Turkish 80% Turkish 20% Kurdish 20% Kurdish

14. The Religion of Turkey Turkey is a secular countryTurkey is a secular country –Every person has the right to practice whatever religion they believe However, if you want to fit in, Muslim is the way to go.However, if you want to fit in, Muslim is the way to go. –Muslim: 99.8% (That’s 100% for those of you who round numbers) 80% of Muslims are Sunni Muslims80% of Muslims are Sunni Muslims –Christians & Jews: 00.2% of the population

15. Secularism in Turkey Secularism, which gives a country’s people the right to practice whatever religion they choose, was officially amended to the country’s constitution in 1937 with law #3115Secularism, which gives a country’s people the right to practice whatever religion they choose, was officially amended to the country’s constitution in 1937 with law #3115

16. Economy During the Ottoman Empire, the economy was run on the belief that the government should be strictly in charge of controlling all aspects of the economy in order to insure the well being of all its citizens This belief has somewhat been inherited in the attitudes of republicans in modern day turkey and is one of the reasons why the state plays such a large role in many sectors of the economy including basic industry, banking, transport, and communication.

17. Economy The economy in general is made up of both modern industries along with a large agriculture sector that still makes up over 34% of Turkeys labor force of 24.7 million. Some of the many agriculture products exported include tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, pulse, citrus and livestock.

18. “What the heck is pulse?” Pulse is an edible seed

19. Economy In recent years automotives and electronics have been rising in the number of products exported. However textiles and clothing is still the largest sector in the economy taking up over 1/3 of all employment. So far in the 21st Century there has been an increase in investor interest in new markets due to recent economic gains.

20. History  It is legend that Turkey was created by the cosmic collision of…

21. PUPPIES

22. KITTENS

23. Grandma’s Freshly baked cookies

24. And all things soft

25.  But since there are no facts to back this up (other than Özgur’s smile) Here are some facts about how Turkey began…

26. The Ottoman Empire  Began in 1299, founded by Ottoman elite  Bey Osman I is known as the founder of the empire even though it existed well before him.  The empire grew incredibly large but slowly collapsed over the ages. When the Central Powers lost in WWI, time was up for the Ottoman Empire

27. 20 th & 21 st Century  After WWI, the Sikes-Picot agreement was signed between the UK and France.  The agreement broke up the Ottoman empire and divided it amongst the British, French, Russians, Italians, and Greece.  The territory of Ankara, the modern day capitol, is all that was left for the Turks

28. 20 th & 21 st Century  The state of Turkey is established in 1921 upon the creation of the Turkish Constitution  The Treaty of Lausanne was signed, setting up the modern day boundaries of Turkey  Mustafa Kemal became the president of Turkey

29. Cold War  Remember how the Soviets had nuclear missiles in Cuba pointed at us?  We had nuclear missiles pointed at the Soviets from Turkey.  No missiles were fired, as you should know.

30. The Coups of Turkey  The military took over the government on May 27 th of 1960  The military believed that the government had grown too close to Islam and was loosing its Secular foundation.  A new constitution was drafted, reinforcing the separation of church and state  The Government was then returned to civil rule

31. The Coups of Turkey  The military took control of Turkey again in 1971 due to the anarchy resulting from Capitalist and Communist clashes.  The military did not take over the government but its influence was heavy.

32. The Coups of Turkey  September 12, 1980: The military takes over again and the people love it. The government had strayed from the beliefs of civil order, national unity, and the secular state again and Turkey was beginning to stagnate. After the military stepped in, things were back on track

33. You can’t spell trouble without PKK  From 1984-1999 the PKK imposed relentless attacks on Turkey. After the capture of PKK leader of Ocalan, there was a ceasefire  In 2004 the PKK became a major problem again, ignoring its leader’s wishes

34. EU  In 2004: The European Union began negotiating with Turkey about its future membership  2005 & Today: Turkey is still arguing with the EU about its right for membership

35. President Elected by the Grand National Assembly Elected by the Grand National Assembly Must receive at least 2/3 of the vote, if not the elections are held again. Must receive at least 2/3 of the vote, if not the elections are held again. Serve for seven years. Serve for seven years. President appoints the Prime Minister and those under the him. President appoints the Prime Minister and those under the him. He is the leader of the military. He is the leader of the military. He can veto draft laws. He can veto draft laws.

36. President Ahmet Necdet Sezer was elected in 2000. Ahmet Necdet Sezer was elected in 2000. Started as a judge in Ankara and was never a member of the Grand National Assembly. Started as a judge in Ankara and was never a member of the Grand National Assembly. He is a secularist and supporter of freedom of expression. He is a secularist and supporter of freedom of expression.

37. Prime Minister The current Prime Minister is Recep Tayyip Erdogan. The current Prime Minister is Recep Tayyip Erdogan. In 1997 he recited an Islamic poem at a public meeting and was convicted of inciting religious hatred and sentenced to ten months in prison. In 1997 he recited an Islamic poem at a public meeting and was convicted of inciting religious hatred and sentenced to ten months in prison. Needless to say, this made his road to becoming Prime Minister unique Needless to say, this made his road to becoming Prime Minister unique

38. But how do I become the Prime Minister of Turkey? To be appointed Prime Minister, one has to be a member of the National Assembly To be appointed Prime Minister, one has to be a member of the National Assembly You must also not have any convictions on your record. You must also not have any convictions on your record.

39. Then how did Erdogan become Prime Minister?

40. Good question!

41. There are 2 reasons

42. Reason #1 Abdullah Gul, a strong supporter of Erdogan, was appointed Prime Minister and pushed a constitutional amendment allowing Erdogan to win a seat in the assembly. Abdullah Gul, a strong supporter of Erdogan, was appointed Prime Minister and pushed a constitutional amendment allowing Erdogan to win a seat in the assembly.

43. Reason #2 Abdullah then stepped down and Erdogan was appointed Prime Minister. Abdullah then stepped down and Erdogan was appointed Prime Minister.

44. Booyah!

45. More info? Just check the Recep Recep Tayyip Erdogan is a member of the Justice and Development Party or AK party –The AK party is a conservative and Islamic based party.

46. How does the government work? ► The Judicial branch of the government can easily be broken into several different sections  The Constitutional Court  Administrative Court  Military Court  Civil Courts

47. Sounds fancy, what do they do? ► Constitutional Court functions just like our Supreme Court in the sense that they decide if laws are constitutional or not. ► Administrative, military, and civil courts are separated and each has their own courts for appeals. ► There is another court for jurisdictional disputes where crimes that don’t fit in the other courts are tried.

48. Turkey’s Domestic Concerns Kurdistan Workers Party or PKK An ethnic secessionist terrorist organization with Marxist influences made up of Kurds living in the south eastern part of Turkey as well as Iran, Iraq and Syria.

49. The Minority Kurds make up about 20% making them the largest minority group in the country Kurds make up about 20% making them the largest minority group in the country Their goal is secession from the Turkish Government and a homeland of their own. Their goal is secession from the Turkish Government and a homeland of their own. –They are one of the few ethnicities to not have their own state.

50. PKK The PKK was formed by the Kurd, Abdullah Ocalan in 1978. Since that time, the Turkish Government has been shaken by extortion, kidnapping, drug trafficking, bombings, and guerilla war fare. 80% of all heroin used in Britain has come from Turkey

51. PKK Today: Kongra-Gel Ocalan was arrested in 1999 and has since rnounced the violent arm of the party. A cease-fire was announced upon his arrest, but the cease-fire ended in 2004. Today the PKK ignores the orders of its leader who has declared his own dislike for the band of what he today calls “murderers”

52. International Conflict  July 2005: Turkey celebrates its’ 82 nd anniversary of the signing of the Lausanne Peace Treaty. –One of the founding documents of the Turkish Republic. –Recognized Turkey as a state and guaranteed its’ independence. –Shows that Turkey is in pursuit of a policy of “Peace at Home and Peace Abroad.”

53. International Organizations  North Atlantic Trade Organization  Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)  World Trade Organization  Organization of the Islamic Conference  Is currently seeking admittance to the EU.  And others

54. European Union While it is a Muslim nation, it is the only pluralist secular democracy in the Middle East. For the past 42 years Turkey has tried to join the EU.

55. Dates to Remember! 1963-Ankara Agreement signed bringing Turkey and EEC closer in economic and trade matters. 1970-An additional protocol signed which abolished tariffs and quotas on goods circulating between Turkey and the EEC. 1995-Customs Union, or free trade with a common external tariff, was established between the two.

56. DATES!! 1999-Helsinki European Council recognizes the reforms made by Turkey and it is seen as a candidate state for the EU. 2004-At the Brussels European Council Turkey agrees to sign protocol of the adaptation of Ankara Agreement. –But they will not recognize Greek Cypriot Administration. 2005-Turkey begins accession negotiations, led by Ali Babacan as Chief Negotiator

57. Cyprus  Has a Greek Cypriot majority (77%) and a Turkish Cypriot minority (18%)  It became a member of the EU in 2004.  North Cyprus, also known as the “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” is not a member.

58. CYPRUS  The “Annan Plan” was formed, calling for the reunification of the island as the United Cyprus Republic.  Greek Cypriots rejected this plan, while Turkish Cypriots accepted it.  In 2005 a new Turkish leader was elected, Mehmet Ali Talat, and he is in favor of reunification.

59. Turkey on Weapons

61. Not that kind of turkey!

62. Weapons Turkey serves as a link between the East and the West. It is surrounded by areas posing high risk proliferation of nuclear weapons. They are a part of the Treaty of Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and was a founding member the Wassenaar Arrangement. It agrees with the UN Security Council Resolution 1540, focusing on the prevention of proliferation of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons.

63. Prime Minister on Iraq Prime Minister Erdogan has no objection to the peaceful use of nuclear power in Iran and Iraq. But he believes that the entire region should be free of weapons of mass destruction. But he believes that the entire region should be free of weapons of mass destruction.

64. Relations to Palestine and Israel Prime Minister Erdogan believes that the new Hamas government should be respected by all. The elections are an indication of democracy. Hopes that Fatah and Hamas will be able to work together. Looks forward to the day that Israel and Palestine recognize one another as states. They are working on building an industrial zone with Israel and Palestine which will provide jobs for Palestinians.

65. “The Valley of the Wolves-Iraq” Most expensive film made in Turkey’s history. Most expensive film made in Turkey’s history. Focuses on the war on Iraq and the brutality of American soldiers. Focuses on the war on Iraq and the brutality of American soldiers. Received well by the Turkish people. Received well by the Turkish people. Incorporates the “bag incidence” Incorporates the “bag incidence” U.S. troops arrested 11 Turkish officers in northern Iraq, they had to walk back to headquarters with bags over their heads. U.S. troops arrested 11 Turkish officers in northern Iraq, they had to walk back to headquarters with bags over their heads. This was seen as an act of betrayal by an ally. This was seen as an act of betrayal by an ally. Turkish people are not anti-American from the film, but supposedly some are anti-Bush administration. Turkish people are not anti-American from the film, but supposedly some are anti-Bush administration.

66. Now it’s your turn to talk What are possible solutions to the Cyprus Conflict? What are possible solutions to the Cyprus Conflict? Do you think the film will have any effect on Turkish Sentiments regarding the USA? Do you think the film will have any effect on Turkish Sentiments regarding the USA? Does the Secular Government of Turkey prevent freedom of expression? Does the Secular Government of Turkey prevent freedom of expression? Do you think that Turkey will eventually get in the EU? Do you think that Turkey will eventually get in the EU?