2. Congress of Vienna Restoring the Balance of Power in Europe

3. Compromise Reached? New boundaries drawn—see page 237! What changed? France, Poland, etc. Reduced French borders to 1790 lines Established BUFFER STATES around France

4. Compromise, continued…

5. Liberalism and Reactionaries? Liberalism –Liked the Enlightenment, thought monarchies were “outdated,” wanted lots of change/democracy! Reactionaries –Opposed change, thought Enlightenment ideas were wrong/dangerous, wanted to bring Kings back!

6. Two Alliances Quadruple Alliance –GB, Austria, Prussia, Russia –Prevent any democratic movements –France joined a few years later Holy Alliance –Russia, Prussia, Austria –Keeping order based upon “Justice, Christian Charity, and Peace”

7. Concert of Europe Next 30 years: opposing liberalism, crushing democratic revolutions Spanish people tried to limit power of their King  French troops restored Spanish King to full power! –BUT-Spanish colonies (MEXICO!) successfully revolted

8. Another Challenge to System Greeks fought for independence in 1821 against Turks Metternich (Austrian leader) tried to stop other countries from aiding rebellion –British and French helped anyway, and Greeks got independence in 1829

9. Try all you want, Metternich… BUT YOU CAN’T STOP PROGRESS! Enlightenment ideals and desire for democracy are too strong to stop permanently!

10. Revolutions of 1830 and 1848 1830: Citizens lead “July Revolution” in France Louis Philippe: “Citizen King” (still not many could vote) Belgium gets independence Poles rose in revolt and lost—crushed by Russians 1848: Conditions similar to 1789 “February Days” forced Louis Philippe to abdicate Working class loses out during “June Days” “New Napoleon”

12. Revolutions through Europe! Revolts in Austria cause Metternich to resign Louis Kossuth leads rebellion in Hungary, but is eventually crushed by Austrians Italy: city-states rebel, but Austrian and French troops restore order German states: should Germany be a monarchy or republic? Never united!