1. Managing Motor Fleet Safety Programs: Training for the Safety Director Unit 3 – The Quality Approach to Safety Programs NATMI © 2014

2. Unit 3 Objectives Explain why safety directors need to think about safety as part of an overall system Explain why it is important to use data to identify the root causes of problems Distinguish between common cause and special cause variation, and determine how to respond to each kind Describe how control charts can be used to analyze safety data Explain the key quality management approaches that are important to implementing changes to solve safety problems NATMI © 2014

3. Quality Management Approach 1. Collect data 2. Identify root causes of problems 3. Develop appropriate solutions 4. Plan and make changes NATMI © 2014

4. The Organization as a System of Processes Processes have their own inputs, steps, and outputs Processes can be simple or complex Processes are interrelated NATMI © 2014

5. Success Depends on All Components Changing any process affects outcome Optimization is achieved through cooperation not competition NATMI © 2014

6. Managing a System Recognize importance of interrelationships Consider process inputs and steps, not just outputs NATMI © 2014

7. Variation Every process has variation Reduce variation to improve efficiency To reduce variation you must understand the cause of the variation NATMI © 2014

8. Understanding Variation NATMI © 2014 J FM AM JJ AS O ND 20 10 Incidents Per Month 30

9. Common Cause Variation Caused by inputs that are always present in a particular process NATMI © 2014

10. Special Cause Variation Caused by unusual circumstances, where the inputs are not usually part of the process NATMI © 2014

11. Actions to Control Variation Study the overall process OR Study only the incident and events surrounding the incident NATMI © 2014

12. Controlling Variation from Common Causes NATMI © 2014 J FM AM JJ AS O ND 10 5 Incidents Per Month A. Study overall process OR B. Study specific incident

13. Controlling Variation from Special Causes NATMI © 2014 A. Study overall process OR B. Study specific incident J FM AM JJ AS O ND 20 10 Incidents Per Month 30

14. Quality Management Approach 1. Collect data 2. Identify root causes of problems 3. Develop appropriate solutions 4. Plan and make changes NATMI © 2014

15. A Process in Statistical Control Predictable and stable Basis for prediction NATMI © 2014

16. Sample Control Chart NATMI © 2014 J FM AM JJ AS O ND 10 5 Upper Control Limit Lower Control Limit Average (Mean)

17. Purpose of Control Charts Distinguish between common and special cause variation Look at how process is performing Predict future process performance NATMI © 2014

18. Is This Process in Statistical Control? - 1 NATMI © 2014 J FM AM JJ AS O ND 24 6 Upper Control Limit Lower Control Limit Average (Mean)

19. Is This Process in Statistical Control? - 2 NATMI © 2014 J FM AM JJ AS O ND Average (Mean) 40 0 Upper Control Limit Lower Control Limit 20

20. Consecutive Increases NATMI © 2014 Special Cause

21. Cluster on Same Side of Average NATMI © 2014 Special Cause

22. Alternating Gains and Losses NATMI © 2014 Special Cause

23. Importance of Teamwork “People will support what they help to create.” John Wooden “It’s amazing what a group of people can accomplish when no one cares who gets the credit.” John Wooden NATMI © 2014

24. Cycle of Improvement NATMI © 2014 Plan Act Check Do

25. Questions? NATMI © 2014