1. Nationalism in Latin America
Chapter 18 Section 4

2. Latin America

3. The Latin American Economy
Early 1900’s, economy was based on export of food and raw materials.
DO NOT WRITE
Argentina – exported beef & wheat
Chile – Nitrates & copper
Brazil and Caribbean nations – sugar
Central America - bananas

4. Role of the United States
1920’s, U.S. replaced Britain as the foremost investor in L.A.
U.S. put funds directly into production and ran companies themselves.
U.S. owned the United Fruit Company and controlled copper mining in Chile & Peru and oil industries in Mexico, Peru, & Bolivia.

5. Good Neighbor Policy
Policy rejected the use of U.S. military force in Latin America
FDR withdrew the last marines from Haiti in 1934.

6. Impact of the Great Depression
Terrible impact on the L.A. economy.
Exports were no longer in demand.
One positive: G.D. forced the development of new industries.
Most industry was government run.

7. The Move to Authorization
Most L.A. countries had republican forms of government.
In reality, they were run by the church, military leaders, & large landowners.
They used military force to maintain power.

8. Continued… Unrest caused leaders to exercise stricter controls.
Examples: Brazil, Mexico, Argentina

9. Argentina

10. Argentina Controlled by an oligarchy.
Made up of the wealthy landowners.
1916, Hipolito Irigoyen, Radical Party, elected president.
1930, military overthrew the government & reestablished the oligarchy.

11. Hipolito Irigoyen

12. Continued…
During World War II, military officers formed the Group of United Officers (GOU).
GOU overthrew the government in 1943.
Juan Peron elected president.

13. Juan Peron

14. Brazil

15. Brazil 1889, formed a republican government.
Controlled by landed elites who became wealthy by growing coffee.
By 1900, ¾ of world’s coffee was grown in Brazil.
Great Depression hurt coffee prices.

16. Continued…
1930, military coup made Getulio Vargas president of Brazil.
1937, Vargas made himself dictator and established a Fascist dictatorship.
1945, the army forced Vargas to resign.

17. Getulio Vargas

18. Mexico The post-revolution government was democratic in form.
The PRI controlled politics.
1934, Lazaro Cardenas became president.
He wanted to follow through with the ideas of the revolution.
He redistributed land to peasants and took a strong stand with the U.S., especially over oil.

19. Lazaro Cardenas

20. Continued… After a dispute, Cardenas seized control of the oil fields.
U.S. oil companies asked FDR to intervene, but he refused.
Mexico paid for the property and set up PEMEX.

21. Culture in Latin America
Early 20th century, European artistic & literary movements influenced L.A. culture.
Many artists expressed a national spirit.
Diego Rivera was a Mexican artist who studied in Europe.
Rivera wanted to create a national art that would include Mexico’s past, its cultural heritage, and carry a social and political message.

22. Diego Rivera
Frida Reparte Armas
Carro de Flores

23. Diego Rivera
Noche de Ricos
Frida Khalo y Diego Rivera

24. *****BRING YOUR NOTEBOOK TO CLASS TOMORROW*****
End of Chapter 18
*****BRING YOUR NOTEBOOK TO CLASS TOMORROW*****