1. By Niall Griffin

2.  Substitution – a key idea  Underlining the need for more exploration  Countries having a monopoly of materials  Demand is only going to increase

3.  China holding 90% share of the rare earth reserves as an example  Vast amounts of the Crust remain unexplored  Realising how extensively Indium and Copper are used in electronics

4.  Due to the monopoly problem with China  There will be much greater demand by 2030  The production rates for 2006 will be exceeded dramatically by 2030

5. Raw material Production 2006 (t) Demand from emerging technologies 2006(t) Demand from emerging technologies 2030 (t) Indicator 2006 Indicator 2030 Copper15,093,0001,410,0003,696,0700.09 0.24 Indium5812341,9110.403.29 Neodymium16,8004,00027,9000.231.66 Platinum255Very small34501.35 Tantalum1,3845511,4100.401.02

6.  Recycling, Substitution and Exploration are key  Realising that a monopoly is a potential crisis  The need for technological advances in mining is key