2. Fold the paper in half, Cut your trains out, do not cut them apart

3. Need for better transportation Increase in trade and manufacturing = need to find less expensive and more efficient ways to transport goods Before IR (ind rev) high cost of trans limited trade Trans by horse/mule, was costly because roads were poor; couldn’t travel when frozen, etc Travel was slow and products often damaged Factories needed to receive large amounts of raw materials and to export finished goods Economy was moving from small to large and trans was forced to keep pace

4. Inventions In just 14 years, after 1760, Brit gov’t passed over 500 laws related to building more and better roads New methods of constructing and paving made roads stronger and harder than dirt By 1830, 20K miles of highways ran through England, connecting industrial areas Canal construction improved also. Before IR, canals tended to be crowded by trading ships causing huge delays By 1830, more than 3,000 miles of canals connected areas of GB

5. Trains! At the same time that roads and canals were being built, a system of RR was being developed Expanded mining activity led to need to transport coal and iron Early RR were wooden planks placed on road with carts riding on them (so wouldn’t sink in road); horses pulled carts Inventors realized that steam powered carts would me much more efficient While some worked on improving bigger steam engines to pull bigger carts, others worked on improving tracks Engineers designed a rail line between Manchester and Liverpool, they offered a prize for person who could build the best engine 1829, mining engineer, George Stephenson, won the contest with his locomotive called the Rocket—max speed 29 mph

6. Effects of RR Within decade, rr contstr skyrocketed Building railways cost less than building roads Many textile manufacturers chose to invest their profits to invest in RR 1830—70 miles of RR, 1840—4,500 miles of RR, 1870–15,000 miles George Hudson, “Railway King” at one time, controlled over 30% of GB’s RR Newer, faster, cheaper transportation led to materials and products moving more quickly And Faster trade meant faster profits

7. Create a timeline from Ag Rev to age of RR Use your notes to create a timeline that spans from Peasant farming through the age of RR Years do not need to be specific, but centuries, and decades, when available, should be used