1. AP Human Geography
Industry

2. Sectors of the Economy Primary sector (agriculture)
Extraction of raw materials from the Earth
Farming, mining, fishing, forestry
Higher % in LDC’s than MDC’s, decreasing
Secondary sector (industry)
Turn raw materials into useful products
Food processing, manufacture of consumer goods
Decrease in MDC’s; increase in LDC’s
Tertiary sector (services)
Provision of goods and services in exchange for $
Retail, banking, education, govt, etc.
High % in MDC’s

4. What is Industry? The manufacturing of goods in a factory
Secondary sector
Historically, major source of jobs in MDC’s.
Shifting from MDC’s to LDC’s
Impact of job loss in MDC’s

5. The Industrial Revolution
Industrialization- the process by which a country moves from primary to secondary sector.
Begins mid to late 1700’s (18th century) in N. England/ S. Scotland
Diffusion to N. America/ W. Europe by mid-1800’s.
Rest of the world in 20th century.
Led to many social, economic, political changes.

6. The Industrial Revolution
New technologies (steam engine) increase production…less reliance on animal/human power.
Shift from agricultural to industrial society
People leave rural areas for urban…cities grow rapidly!
Industries impacted by the IR: iron, coal, transportation, textiles, chemicals, food processing.
Overall, standard of living increases as a result of IR

7. Watt Steam Engine

8. Industry in Europe Origin of the IR (Great Britain) United Kingdom
Steel, textiles  High tech
Rhine-Ruhr Valley (Germany, Belgium, Netherlands)
Iron, steel, railroads, armaments  Port of Rotterdam
Mid-Rhine (Germany/ France)
Consumer markets
Po Basin (Italy)
Textile
NE Spain
Textile, vehicles
Russia

10. Industry in North America
IR spread to U.S. early to mid- 1800’s
New England (Boston)
Textiles
Middle Atlantic (NYC/ Philly/Baltimore)
Largest American market, entertainment
Mohawk Valley (Buffalo)
Steel
Pittsburgh/ Lake Erie (Pitt/ Cleveland)
Western Great Lakes (Chicago, Detroit, Gary)
Steel, auto, food
So California (LA)
Clothing, textile, furniture
SE Ontario (Hamilton, ON)

12. Industry in East Asia Japan (1950-60’s) China
Originally cut-rate goods…now highest quality
Cars, electronics, precision tools
Tokyo/ Nagasaki/ Osaka
China
Low-cost labor
Textiles/apparel
Household products
Guangdong/ Hong Kong/ Shanghai/ Beijing

14. Proximity to Inputs Input---Manufacturing---Retail/Service
Inputs= raw materials/natural resources
Bulk- reducing industry
Plant is located close to inputs if cost of transporting raw materials > finished product to consumer.
Ex. Copper, steel

15. Proximity to Markets Bulk gaining industry Single market manufacturers
Product gains volume/ weight during production
Ex. Fabricated metals, beverage (pop/beer)
Single market manufacturers
Located near only customer
Auto parts plant would be located near assembly plant.
Perishable products
Newspaper, foods