1. Comp4711 – Internet Development CodeIgniter Cookbook Comp4711 #2 – Sept 14, 2011

2. Comp4711 – Internet Development W4L1 JSP Introduction CodeIgniter Cookbook 1)Infrastructure 2)Development vs Deployment 3)Fixing the URL 4)Models 5)Controllers 6)Authentication 7)Views 8)Templates 9)Helpers 10)Libraries 11)Error Handling

3. Comp4711 – Internet Development W1L1 XML Introduction 1. Infrastructure Goals: –Reduce complexity of webapp (not inc CI) –Reuse CI across webapps (only 1 copy) –Improve security (not accessible) Solution: –Move CI folder up 1 or 2 levels (outside of htdocs) –Keep application folder inside webapp –Fix configuration in index.php –Move assets out of webapp folder

4. 1. index.php $system_folder = "system"; $system_folder = "../CI"; Note: Some hosting companies make it awkward to reference outside htdocs Note: above assumes webapp is a subfolder of htdocs Note: might have to use something like realpath($_SERVER['DOCUM ENT_ROOT']."/../.."); $application_folder = "application"; $application_folder = "./application"; Net result: application is a folder directly under webapp root

5. 2. Development vs Production Goals: –Accommodate different passwords & folder structures for different environments –Facilitate deployment without mods Solution: –$config[][] –Test server name

6. 2.1 config/config.php $config['base_url']= "http://www.galianogulfisland.com/"; //JLP Adjust for development environment //NOTE Still have to set port properly in NetBeans project properties (run configuration) if ($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] == "localhost") { $config['base_url'] = "http://".$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']."/cq-v3/"; }

7. 2.2 config/database.php $active_group = "default"; $active_record = TRUE; $db['default']['hostname'] = "localhost"; $db['default']['username'] = "root"; $db['default']['password'] = ""; $db['default']['database'] = "heritage"; $db['prod']['hostname'] = "www.yada.com"; $db['prod']['username'] = "master"; $db['prod']['password'] = "secret"; $db['prod']['database'] = "ourg_5149";

8. Comp4711 – Internet Development 3. Fixing the URL Goal: –Make the URL short & friendly Solutions: –mod_rewrite inside.htaccess –config/routing.php

9. Comp4711 – Internet Development 3.1.htaccess sample DirectoryIndex index.php index.html RewriteEngine on # Allow requests for valid file or folder names, or some that should be RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -f [OR] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -d [OR] RewriteCond $1 ^(robots\.txt|favicon\.ico|style\.css) RewriteRule ^(.*)$ - [L] # Change any JSP requests into PHP ones RewriteRule ^(.*)\.jsp$./index.php/$1 [L] # use index.php as front controller... RewriteRule ^(.*)$./index.php/welcome/$1 [L]

10. Comp4711 – Internet Development 3.2.htaccess DirectoryIndex index.php index.html RewriteEngine on # Allow requests for valid file or folder names, or some that should be RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -f [OR] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -d [OR] RewriteCond $1 ^(robots\.txt|favicon\.ico|style\.css) RewriteRule ^(.*)$ - [L] # # use index.php as front controller... RewriteRule ^(.*)$./index.php/$1 [L]

11. Comp4711 – Internet Development 3.3 config/config.php $config['base_url']= "http://www.galianogulfisland.com/"; OR set RewriteBase in.htaccess $config['index_page'] = "";

12. Comp4711 – Internet Development 3.4 config/routes.php $route['default_controller'] = "welcome"; $route['blog/joe'] = "blogs/users/34"; $route['products/([a-z]+)/(\d+)'] = "$1/id_$2";

13. Comp4711 – Internet Development 4. Models Goal: –Make life easier Solution: –Understand Active Record pattern –MY_Model for RDB –MY_Model2 … –Others

14. Comp4711 – Internet Development 4.1 Active Record Pattern Active record is an approach to accessing data in a database. A database table or view is wrapped into a class. The interface to such an object would include functions such as Insert, Update, and Delete, plus properties that correspond more or less directly to the columns in the underlying database table. Normal: updates happen automatically; CI: use database class

15. Comp4711 – Internet Development 4.2 core/MY_Model (or models/my_model.php & autoload) class MyModel extends Model { var $_tableName; // Which table is this a model for a row of? var $_keyField; // name of the primary key field var $_data; // placeholder for retrieved values … create() get($key) add($record) update() delete($key) Exists()

16. Comp4711 – Internet Development 4.3 models/MyModel2 class MyModel2 extends MyModel { var $_keyField2; // second part of composite primary key … get($key1,$key2) getSome($key)

17. Comp4711 – Internet Development 4.4 models/Properties class Properties extends Model { // Fields var $_data = array(); // Container for the data from persistent storage (the database). var $_tableName; // name of the DB table holding the data var $_keyField; // name of the primary key field var $_valueField; // name of the data field … loadtable(...) get($key) put($key,$value) remove($key)

18. Comp4711 – Internet Development 4.5 XML models! Same/similar API to “conventional” model Intent is to arrive at bridge/adapters $64 question: use SimpleXmlModel, domain model classes, or associative arrays??

19. Comp4711 – Internet Development 5. Controllers Goals: –Routing –Templating –Modular MVC –Business logic in controller –Business logic in model Solution: –MY_Controller –Strategies...

20. Comp4711 – Internet Development 5.1 Single welcome.php Welcome extends Controller{ Function index() {…} Function page2() {…} Function page3() {...}

21. Comp4711 – Internet Development 5.2 Multiple controllers Welcome extends Controller... Page1 extends Controller... Page2 extends Controller...

22. Comp4711 – Internet Development 5.3 Form gen/handling Form handling class?

23. Comp4711 – Internet Development 5.4 core/MY_Controller.php class Application extends CI_Controller { // Constructor - establish session variables function Application() { parent::Controller(); // make sure we play the game nicely $this->load->helper('common'); $this->load->helper('url'); } // No restrictions for the front-end function restrict($roleNeeded=null) { }

24. Comp4711 – Internet Development 6. Authentication Goal: –Restrict access to parts of site Solution: –Role-based authentication –Hooks –Custom controller

25. Comp4711 – Internet Development 6.1 Authentication package // Restrict the current page to a specific role or to a set of roles function restrict($roleNeeded=null) { if ($roleNeeded != null) { // handle the case of a set of allowed roles if (is_array($roleNeeded) ) { if (!in_array($this->gicc- >userRole,$roleNeeded)) { // Not authorized. Redirect to home page redirect("/"); exit; } else // handle the case of a single applicable role if ($this->gicc->userRole != $roleNeeded) { // Not authorized. Redirect to home page redirect("/"); exit; }

26. Comp4711 – Internet Development 7. Views Goals: –Easy page assembly Solutions: –Page template –Page components –Business logic in view?

27. Comp4711 – Internet Development 7.1 template.php load->view('_meta'); ?> load->view('header'); ?> load->view($bodypage); ?>

28. Comp4711 – Internet Development 7.2 _xxx.php _meta.php CSS style sheets, metadata, titles, etc _header.php site-wide header, perhaps with banner _sidebar.php site-wide navigation _footer.php copyright, contact, text navbar

29. Comp4711 – Internet Development 8. Templates Goals: –Page consistency –Page pre-processing Solutions: –Template package

30. Comp4711 – Internet Development 8.1 template package Template parser class? $data['bulkbody'] = $bulkbody; $data['bulkfrom'] = $bulkfrom; $data['bulkopening'] = $bulkopening;... // let's generate the letter now $this->load->library('parser'); // get the template helper $preview = ""; $choices = $_SESSION['openings']; $template = "templates/opening_".$choices[$bulkopening]; $preview.= $this->parser->parse($template,$data,true); // apply template, capture output $template = "templates/bulk_mailout"; $preview.= $this->parser->parse($template,$data,true); // apply template, capture output

31. Comp4711 – Internet Development 8.2 “view template” pattern View/template.php Includes views _meta, _header, _footer, _navbar and $body Set “body” parameter and $this->load->view(“template”,$body);

32. Comp4711 – Internet Development 9. Helpers Goals: –Reuse common code Solutions: –Helpers –Be careful of naming conventions

33. Comp4711 – Internet Development 9.1 Example: common_helper Form field handling, using associative array as data transfer object/buffer fieldExtract($source,$target,$fields) –$source – assoc array from form –$target – corresponding object –$fields – names of fields in this form fieldInject($source,$target,$fields) –$source – original data object –$target – assoc array for parameters to view –$fields – names of fields in this form

34. Comp4711 – Internet Development 10. Libraries Goals: –Encapsulate useful things Solutions: –Libraries –MY_ controller or MY_model go in application/core –Object models … libraries? Or models?

35. Comp4711 – Internet Development 10.1 Example: GICC Libraries/GICC.php Used to hold “global” constants & app config data Just one way to do this

36. Comp4711 – Internet Development 10.2 Example: Product Libraries/product.php Use for object model for entities stored in an XML document “models/products” would be the aggregation of these Again, just one way to do this Will revisit this at half-way point

37. Comp4711 – Internet Development 11. Error Handling Goals: Determine what went wrong Solutions: index.php … error_reporting(E_ALL); application/errors/... UhOh extension to override CI error handling with better description & backtrace routing/htaccess for common problems