2. Slide Show Intro Presentation Plus! United States Government: Democracy in Action Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Send all inquiries to: GLENCOE DIVISION Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, Ohio 43240

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4. Making It Relevant 16 Chapter Focus (4)

5. The structure of the government in the United States does not need a coalition of political parties for the government to operate; however, political parties do exist in the United States.  Section 1-2 In a nation as large and diverse as the United States the voice and will of the individual citizen can easily be lost. Introduction Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

6. Section 1-3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Parties and Party Systems Although most nations have one or more political parties, the role that parties play differs with each nation’s political system. A political party is a group of people with broad common interests who organize to win elections, control government, and thereby influence government policies. 

7. Section 1-4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. One-Party Systems In elections in such nations, only the party’s candidates appear on the ballot.  One-party systems are usually found in nations with authoritarian governments. In a one-party system the party, in effect, is the government. The decisions of party leaders set government policy. 

8. Section 1-5 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. One-Party Systems (cont.) One-party systems also exist in some non-Communist countries such as Iran where religious leaders dominate government in what is known as a theocracy. Today Cuba, Vietnam, North Korea, and China are among the few nations that remain one-party Communist governments. 

9. Section 1-6 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Multiparty Systems The parties in a multiparty system often represent widely differing ideologies, or basic beliefs about government.  In a multiparty system, one party rarely gets enough support to control the government. In nations that allow more than one political party, the most common political system today is the multiparty system. 

10. Section 1-7 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Multiparty Systems (cont.) Many nations with multiparty systems are politically unstable. Several parties often combine forces to obtain a majority and form a coalition government. 

11. Section 1-8 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Two-Party Systems In the United States, the major parties are the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. Only about a dozen nations have systems in which two parties compete for power, although minor parties exist. 

12. Section 1-9 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Growth of American Parties Many of the Founders distrusted “factions,” or groups with differing political views.

13. Section 1-10 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Origin of Parties The Federalists called for a strong central government.  The Democratic-Republicans believed that the states should have more power than the central government. Even though President Washington warned against “the spirit of party,” by the end of his second term, two political parties had arisen. 

14. Section 1-11 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Parties Before the Civil War Thomas Jefferson won the presidency under the Democratic-Republican banner in 1800 and 1804.  The Democratic-Republicans dominated politics into the 1820s. After the Federalists elected John Adams president in 1796, their power quickly declined. 

15. By 1828, when Andrew Jackson won the presidency, the Democratic-Republicans were splitting into two parties–the Democrats and the National Republicans, or Whigs.  Section 1-12 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Parties Before the Civil War (cont.) By the 1850s the debate over slavery had created divisions within both parties.

16. Section 1-13 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Many Whigs joined a new party that opposed the spread of slavery–the Republican Party. The Democrats split into northern and southern factions.  Parties Before the Civil War (cont.)

17. Section 1-14 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Parties After the Civil War The Republicans remained the majority party from the Civil War until well into the twentieth century. By the time the Civil War was over, two major parties, the Republicans and the Democrats, dominated the national political scene. 

18. Section 1-15 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Parties in the Great Depression and After For the next 50 years, Democrats remained the majority party.  Beginning in 1968, Republicans controlled the White House for 5 of the next 8 presidential terms. In 1932 the Democratic Party won the White House and assumed control of Congress. 

19. Section 1-16 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Parties in the Great Depression and After (cont.) After losing the White House to Bill Clinton in 1992, Republicans won the 1994 mid- term elections, taking both houses of Congress for the first time in 40 years.

20. Section 1-16

21. Section 1-17 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Role of Minor Parties A third party, also called a minor party, is any party other than one of the two major parties.  Although a variety of reasons motivates them, third parties have one thing in common. They believe that neither major party is meeting certain needs. Despite the dominance of the two major parties, third parties have been part of the American political scene since the early days of the Republic. 

22. Section 1-18 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Types of Third Parties –The single-issue party focuses exclusively on one major social, economic, or moral issue and generally is short-lived (i.e., the Greenback Party).  –The ideological party focuses on overall change in society rather than on an issue. Ideological parties include the Socialist Labor Party, the Communist Party USA, and the Libertarian Party.  –The splinter party splits away from one of the major parties because of some disagreement. For example, the Bull Moose Party, formed out of the Republican Party by Theodore Roosevelt, disappeared after Roosevelt lost in 1912. Minor parties generally fall into one of three categories: 

23. CQ16-01.2a

24. Section 1-19 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Impact of Third Parties For example, in 1968 the American Independent Party won 13.5 percent of the vote, and some believe this swayed the narrow election of Republican candidate Richard Nixon.  Third parties often have promoted ideas that were at first unpopular or hotly debated but later were adopted by the major parties. Minor parties have influenced the outcome of national elections. 

25. Section 1-20 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Obstacles to Third Parties The names of Republicans and Democrats are automatically on the ballot in many states, but third-party candidates are required to obtain a large number of voter signatures in a short time.  Another difficulty for third-party candidates is that nearly all elected officials in the United States are selected by single- member districts. As a result of the two-party tradition, minor parties face difficulties in getting on the ballot in all 50 states. 

26. Section 1-21 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Obstacles to Third Parties (cont.) By contrast, many nations use an election system based on proportional representation, in which several officials are elected to represent voters in an area. Under this system no matter how many candidates compete in a district, only one will win. 

27. Section 1-22 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. A related problem is financing third-party campaigns. Americans, convinced that a third-party candidate cannot win, are reluctant to contribute to such a campaign. Offices are filled in proportion to the votes that each party’s candidates receive. Such a system encourages minor parties.  Obstacles to Third Parties (cont.)

28. Section 1-Assessment 1 What is a multiparty system and how does it affect governing? It has more than two political parties and often creates an unstable government, which depends on forging coalitions to govern. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

29. Section 1-Assessment 2 Why have third parties played only a minor role in American politics? They have a difficult time getting on the ballot in all 50 states. Single-member districts favor the two party system. Americans are reluctant to contribute financially to a third party. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

30. End of Section 1 Click the mouse button to return to the Contents slide. End of Section 1

31. Chapter Assessment (1) What are the major pairs of parties that have existed in American history? Federalists / Democratic-Republicans Democrats / National Republicans (or Whigs) Democrats / Republicans (supported by Whigs) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

32. Chapter Assessment (3) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The main function of the major parties is to select candidates for public office and present them to the voters for approval. What is the main function of the two major political parties?

33. Chapter Assessment (5) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The party out of power in the legislative or executive branch acts as a watchdog, observing the party in power, criticizing it, and offering its own solutions to political problems. What role does the political party out of power assume?

34. Chapter Assessment (6) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. In a closed primary only members of a political party can vote in that political party’s primary. In an open primary all voters can vote in any party’s primary, but they can only vote in one party’s primary. What is the difference between open and closed primaries?

35. Chapter Assessment (7) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. A single-issue party focuses exclusively on one major social, economic, or moral issue and is often short-lived (Liberty, Free Soil). An ideological party focuses on overall change in society rather than a single issue, giving it a broader focus, but it is more extreme, so more limiting, and yet possibly more long-lived (Labor, Communist, Libertarian). A splinter party splits away from one of the major parties over a disagreement, which can be issue-oriented, ideological, or personal, and is short-lived because it fades away when the candidate does (Bull Moose). Identify the three types of third parties and give an example of each type.

36. Section Focus Transparency 16-1 (1 of 2) Section Focus Transparency 1

37. Section Focus Transparency 1 (Answers) Section Focus Transparency 16-1 (2 of 2) 1.Republican 2.the Democratic- Republican party from 1801 to 1829 3.nine

38. SOW 1 How did the donkey and elephant become the symbols of the Democratic and Republican parties? Political cartoonist Thomas Nast popularized them in his drawings for Harper’s Weekly in the late 1880s. The Democratic donkey appeared first, in 1870, followed by the Republicans’ elephant four years later. Nast, a Republican, also made the tiger a symbol of Tammany Hall, the Democratic political machine that dominated New York politics for many years under William Marcy Tweed. In fact, Nast regularly assailed the Tweed Ring in his cartoons. Where Did the Donkey and Elephant Come From?

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