1. Solids, Liquids, Gases, and ??
States of Matter
Solids, Liquids, Gases, and ??

2. States of Matter
The states of matter are the physical form in which a substance can exist.
The four states of matter are solids, liquids, gases, and ____________?

3. Particles of Matter
Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms and molecules.
The atoms and molecules are too small to see without a very strong microscope.
Atoms and molecules are always in motion and bumping in to each other.
The way the atoms interact determines the state of matter.

4. Models of a solid, liquid, and gas
Water Molecules (H2O) in each state of matter
Solid Liquid Gas

5. Solids
Particles that make up a solid are packed very closely together and stay in fixed positions. This makes it very hard to separate them
Particles in a solid vibrate back and forth
Solids have a definite volume and shape

6. Two Types of Solids
Crystalline Solid- solid that is made up of ordered rows of crystals.
When crystalline solids are heated, they melt at a distinct temperature called its melting point.
Ex. Sugar, sand, salt, iron, diamond

7. Two Types of Solids
Amorphous Solids- solids in which the particles are not arranged in a regular pattern.
An amorphous solid does not have a distinct melting point. When it is heated it becomes softer and softer.
Ex. Plastics, rubber, glass

8. Liquids
Particles in a liquid are packed almost as closely as a solid, but they move around one another freely.
Liquids have a definite volume but no definite shape. It will take on the shape of any container it is poured into.

9. Viscosity and Surface Tension
Viscosity- the resistance of a liquid to flowing
Liquids with a high viscosity flow slowly
Ex. Molasses, honey, syrup, ketchup
Liquids with a low viscosity flow quickly
Ex. Water, rubbing alcohol, vinegar
Surface Tension- a force that acts on
the particles at the surface of a
liquid. It causes some liquids to
form droplets.

10. Gases Gases have neither a definite volume nor shape
Gas particles spread apart, filling all the space that is available. “Space hogs”
Ex. Helium, oxygen, carbon dioxide

11. Plasmas Plasmas have neither a definite volume nor shape.
Plasmas are more like a gas than any other state of matter.
A plasma is a cloud of protons, neutrons, and electrons, where all the electrons have come loose from their atoms. The plasma acts as a whole rather than as bunch of atoms.
Examples- lightning, neon lights, auroras (northern lights)

12. Review X State of Matter Definite Volume? Definite Shape? Solid Liquid
Gas

13. Bose-Einstein Condensate
Fifth State of Matter?
Bose-Einstein Condensate

14. Change in State of Matter
What is the change?
Is energy added or taken away?
Temperature increase or decrease
Particles get faster or slower?
Melting
Solid to ______
Added
faster
Boiling
Liquid to ______
increase
Evaporation
Sublimation
____ to gas
Lots added
Freezing
_____ to solid
decrease
slower
Condensation
Gas to _____
Removed