2. Key Terms Kinetic Energy Sublimate Deposit Physical Properties Chemical Properties Diffusion Pressure Atom Compound Molecule

3. Kinetic Energy The energy of movement. Which one has more kinetic energy?

4. Kinetic Theory of Matter

5. The States of Matter Solid (eg. Steel, ice) Particles are packed close Not much kinetic energy Liquid (eg. Water, bromine) Particles are packed close but able to move around More kinetic energy than solids Gas (eg. Steam, oxygen) There is a lot of space between particles Particles have a lot of kinetic energy

6. Changing State

7. Latent Heat When a substance changes state, it may absorb heat energy without changing temperature. Eg. It takes 4.2 Joules of energy to make 1 gram of water 1°C warmer, but it takes 334.0 Joules of energy to turn 1 gram of ice into water without changing the temperature!

8. Properties

9. Physical properties What we can observe and measure without changing the substance into something else. Chemical properties What a substance does in a chemical reaction.

10. Physical Properties Strength Hardness Viscosity Conductivity (heat, electricity) Malleability Heat capacity Compressibility Density

11. Diffusion

12. The movement of gas or liquid particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

13. Pressure

14. Pressure is caused by the particles of a gas hitting the inside walls of a container. The more kinetic energy the particles have, the harder they hit the walls, the higher the pressure.

16. Atoms

17. If you cut matter down to it’s smallest, stable particle, you would have an atom. There are 118 known types of atom (only 91 of which occur naturally). An element is a pure substance made up on only one type of atom.

18. The Periodic Table

19. Compounds Two or more elements that have been chemically bonded. Do you see water on the periodic table? Is it an element?

20. Molecule The smallest unit of a compound. This is a water molecule. What do you think the white sections represent?

22. Oxygen Hydrogen

23. Mixtures Two types of substances can be mixed together but not be chemically bonded. Eg. If you took some hydrogen gas and some oxygen gas and put them in a test tube they would be a mixture. If you then introduced a flame, there would be a chemical reaction and they would form a compound (water).

24. Image Credits ‘Solid Liquid Gas’ By Luis Javier Rodriguez Lopez, done for wikipedia, might be found at my webpage in a future; http://www.coroflot.com/yupi666 (en:User:Yupi666) converted to SVG by User:Tomtheman5 (Own work) http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solid_liquid_gas.svg via Wikimedia Commons http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solid_liquid_gas.svg ‘Aluminium Drink Cans’ by David Castillo Dominici available at http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/Other_Drinks_g65- Aluminum_Drink_Cans_p70291.html courtesy of FreeDigitalPhotos.net. http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/Other_Drinks_g65- Aluminum_Drink_Cans_p70291.html ‘Diamond Jewel Stone’ by Boykung available at http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/diamond-jewel-stone-photo-p255503 courtesy of FreeDigitalImages.net. http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/diamond-jewel-stone-photo-p255503 courtesy of FreeDigitalImages.net Blausen 0315 Diffusion By BruceBlaus (Own work) available at http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Blausen_0315_Diffusion.png via Wikimedia Commons http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Blausen_0315_Diffusion.png

25. Image Credits ‘Refueling Hose’ by Rawich available at http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/Oil_And_Gas_g393- Refueling_Hose_p51789.html courtesy of FreeDigitalPhotos.net. http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/images/Oil_And_Gas_g393- Refueling_Hose_p51789.html ‘States of Matter’ by Wendy Adams et al. available at https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/states-of-matter courtesy of PhET interactive simulations at the University of Colorado. https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/states-of-matter ‘Periodic Table (polyatomic)’ By DePiep (Own work) available at http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Periodic_table_%28polyatomic %29.svg via Wikimedia Commons. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Periodic_table_%28polyatomic %29.svg