1. Chumbler - Properties of Matter1 States of Matter Chemistry The Four States of Matter

2. Chumbler - Properties of Matter2 States of Matter The Four States of Matter Four States  Solid  Liquid  Gas  Plasma

3. Chumbler - Properties of Matter3 States of Matter The Four States of Matter Basis of Classification of the Four Types  Based upon particle arrangement  Based upon energy of particles  Based upon distance between particles

4. Chumbler - Properties of Matter4 States of Matter Solids  Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position.  Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.

5. Chumbler - Properties of Matter5 States of Matter Solids Particle Movement Examples

6. Chumbler - Properties of Matter6 States of Matter Liquids  Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.  Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.

7. Chumbler - Properties of Matter7 States of Matter Liquids Particle Movement Examples

8. Chumbler - Properties of Matter8 States of Matter Gases PParticles of gases are very far apart and move freely. GGases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.

9. 9 Gases Particle Movement Examples States of Matter

10. 10 States of Matter Plasma  A plasma is an ionized gas.  A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.  Plasma, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.

11. Chumbler - Properties of Matter11 States of Matter Plasma Particles The negatively charged electrons (yellow) are freely streaming through the positively charged ions (blue ).

12. Chumbler - Properties of Matter12 States of Matter Plasma Examples

13. Chumbler - Properties of Matter13 States of Matter Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Solids  Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume because the particles are locked into place  Solids are not easily compressible because there is little free space between particles  Solids do not flow easily because the particles cannot move/slide past one another

14. Chumbler - Properties of Matter14 States of Matter Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Liquids  Liquids have an indefinite shape because the particles can slide past one another.  Liquids are not easily compressible and have a definite volume because there is little free space between particles.  Liquids flow easily because the particles can move/slide past one another.

15. Chumbler - Properties of Matter15 Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Gases GGases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume because the particles can move past one another. GGases are easily compressible because there is a great deal of free space between particles. GGases flow very easily because the particles randomly move past one another. States of Matter

16. Chumbler - Properties of Matter16 States of Matter Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Plasmas  Plasmas have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume because the particles can move past one another.  Plasmas are easily compressible because there is a great deal of free space between particles.  Plasmas are good conductors of electricity and are affected by magnetic fields because they are composed of ions (negatively charged electrons and positively charged nuclei).

17. Chumbler - Properties of Matter17 States of Matter The Four States of Matter The Classification and Properties of Matter Depend Upon Microscopic Structure  Particle arrangement  Particle energy  Particle to particle distance

18. A Fifth State of Matter: Bose—Einstein Condensate  Predicted in 1920 by Satyendra Bose and Albert Einstein  Technology did not exist to prove this state of matter existed.  First produced in 1995 by two scientists: Cornell and Weiman Cornell, Wieman and Wolfgang Ketterle won the 2001 Nobel Prize in Pysics for this achievement. Chumbler - Properties of Matter18

19.  If plasma is super hot and super excited atoms than the BEC is the opposite— super cold and super un-excited atoms  Forms a few billionths of a degree above absolute zero (0 Kelvin) Chumbler - Properties of Matter19

20.  At this temperature, for a few substances, something special happens—the atoms begin to clump and all atoms take up the same space creating one SUPER atom.  All the atoms take on the same characteristics for one purpose—to become one blob. Chumbler - Properties of Matter20

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22. Chumbler - Properties of Matter22  Velocity-distribution data that confirm the discovery of a new phase of matter, the Bose-Einstein condensate. The two right-most images, corresponding to lower temperatures, show multiple atoms coalescing into a single macroscopic quantum state.

23.  Bose-Einstein condensates are extremely fragile. The slightest interaction with the outside world can be enough to warm them past the condensation threshold, causing them to break back down into individual atoms again; it will likely be some time before any practical applications are developed for them. Chumbler - Properties of Matter23

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