2. MAYOMAYO

3. The Spirit of the Age (1790-1850)  A sense of a shared vision among the Romantics.  Early support of the French Revolution  Rise of the individual.  Affinity with nature.  Radical poetics / politics – an obsession with violent change.  A sense of a shared vision among the Romantics.  Early support of the French Revolution  Rise of the individual.  Affinity with nature.  Radical poetics / politics – an obsession with violent change.

4. The Enlightenment Society is good, curbing violent impulses! Civilization corrupts; institutions have rippling effects! Romanticism Early 19c

5. Romantic Movement Reaction (backlash) against some Enlightenment ideas Dramatic German poetry (Strum and Drang … storm and stress) Rationalism and reason are NOT enough to explain human nature

6. Rousseau Emile – stressed differences between children and adults Stages of maturation Maximum individual freedom Physical differences of men and women have them in separate roles Nature superior to artificial society Uniqueness of each individual

7. Immanuel Kant Knowledge rooted in sensory experience (Locke) KANT … subjective character of human knowledge … the mind actively imposes categories of understanding … presupposition Innate sense of moral duty

8. Romantics Fancy, imagination, intuition … human mind had power beyond reason Poets, artists, possessed greater degree of the above

9. Romanticism Emotions, Passion, Irrationality Individualism Power of Nature Nationalism Mysticism, Superstition Danger in Science and Technology (sometimes) Exotic lands, fantasy, the occult

11. Lady Macbeth - Henry Fuseli, 1794

13. Wandering Above the Sea of Fog Caspar David Friedrich, 1818

14. The Dreamer Gaspar David Friedrich, 1835

15. Solitary Tree Caspar David Friedrich, 1823

17. An Avalanche in the Alps Philip James de Loutherbourg, 1803

18. Sunset After a Storm On the Coast of Sicily – Andreas Achenbach, 1853

19. The Deluge Francis Danby, 1840

20. Tree of Crows Caspar David Friedrich, 1822

21. The Wreck of the Hope (aka The Sea of Ice) Caspar David Friedrich, 1821

22. Shipwreck – Joseph Turner, 1805

23. The Raft of the Medusa Th é odore G é ricault, 1819

24. The Eruption of Vesuvius - John Martin

25. Lion with the Rabbit - Eug è ne Delacroix

27. Isaac Newton – William Blake, 1795

29. Rain, Steam, and Speed Joseph Mallord William Turner, 1844

30. Man and Woman Contemplating the Moon Gaspar David Friedrich, 1825

31. Moonrise by the Sea Gaspar David Friedrich, 1821

33. Flatford Mill – John Constable, 1817

34. The Corn Field John Constable, 1826

35. A Mill at Gillingham in Dorset John Constable, 1826

37. Coming From Evening Church Samuel Palmer, 1830

38. Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop’s Ground John Constable, 1825

39. Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows John Constable, 1831

40. Hadleigh Castle - John Constable, 1829

41. Eldena Ruin Gaspar David Friedrich, 1825

42. Winter Landscape with Church Gaspar David Friedrich, 1811

44. Cloister Cemetery in the Snow Caspar David Friedrich, 1817-1819

45. Abbey in an Oak Forest Caspar David Friedrich, 1809-1810

46. Pity - William Blake, 1795

47. The Great Red Dragon and the Woman Clothed with the Sun William Blake, 1808-1810

48. Stonehenge - John Constable, 1836

49. Nightmare (The Incubus) Henry Fuseli, 1781

50. Manfred and the Witch of the Alps John Martin - 1837

51. Witches Sabbath Francisco Goya, 1798

52. Procession of Flagellants on Good Friday Francisco Goya, 1793

53. Hamlet and Horatio in the Graveyard Eug è ne Delacroix, 1839

54. Saturn Devours His Son Francisco Goya, 1819-1823

56. Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi Eug è ne Delacroix, 1827

57. Liberty Leading the People Eug è ne Delacroix, 1830

58. Detail of the Musket Bearer Delacoix, himself

59. The Burning of Parliament (1) Joseph Turner, 1834-1835

60. The Rise of the Cartheginian Empire Joseph Turner, 1815

61. His Majesty’s Ship, “Victory” (Trafalgar) - John Constable, 1806

62. The Fighting Temeraire Joseph Mallord William Turner, 1838

63. An Officer of the Imperial Horse Guard Th é odore G é ricault, 1814

64. The Shooting of May 3, 1808 Francisco Goya, 1815

65. Portrait of Frederick Chopin Eug è ne Delacroix, 1838

66. Pandemonium - John Martin, 1841

68. Grand Canal, Venice Joseph Mallord William Turner, 1835

69. Massacre of Chios - Eug è ne Delacroix, 1824

70. The Fanatics of Tangiers Eug è ne Delacroix, 1837-1838

71. The Sultan of Morocco and His Entourage Eug è ne Delacroix, 1845

72. Women of Algiers in Their Apartment Eug è ne Delacroix, 1834

73. The Bullfight - Francisco Goya

74. Charge of the Mamelukes, May 2 nd, 1808 Francisco Goya, 1814

76. God as the Architect - William Blake, 1794

77. Elohim Creating Abraham William Blake, 1805

78. Body of Abel Found by Adam and Eve William Blake, 1825

79. Faust and Mephistopheles Eug è ne Delacroix, 1826-1827

80. The Seventh Plague of Egypt John Martin, 1823

81. The Cathedral Gaspar David Friedrich, 1818

82. The Cathedral (details) Gaspar David Friedrich, 1818

83. The Great Age of the Novel   Gothic Novel: Jane Eyre - Charlotte Br o nte Wuthering Heights - Emily Bronte  Historical Novel: Ivanhoe - Sir Walter Scott Les Miserables - Victor Hugo The Three Musketeers - Alexander Dumas   Gothic Novel: Jane Eyre - Charlotte Br o nte Wuthering Heights - Emily Bronte  Historical Novel: Ivanhoe - Sir Walter Scott Les Miserables - Victor Hugo The Three Musketeers - Alexander Dumas

84. The Great Age of the Novel  Science Fiction Novel: Frankenstein - Mary Shelley Dracula – Bramm Stoker  Novel of Purpose: The Road to Ruin - Thomas Holcroft  Science Fiction Novel: Frankenstein - Mary Shelley Dracula – Bramm Stoker  Novel of Purpose: The Road to Ruin - Thomas Holcroft

86. Other Romantic Writers Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm - Grimm ’ s Fairy Tales Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - Faust

87. The Romantic Poets   Percy Byssche Shelley  Lord Byron (George Gordon)  Samuel Taylor Coleridge  William Wordsworth  John Keats  William Blake   Percy Byssche Shelley  Lord Byron (George Gordon)  Samuel Taylor Coleridge  William Wordsworth  John Keats  William Blake

88. The Lamb Poem lyrics of The Lamb by William Blake Lamb, who made thee? Dost thou know who made thee? Gave thee life, and bid thee feed, By the stream and o'er the mead; Gave thee clothing of delight, Softest clothing, woolly, bright; Gave thee such a tender voice, Making all the vales rejoice? Little Lamb, who made thee? Dost thou know who made thee?

89. Little Lamb, I'll tell thee, Little Lamb, I'll tell thee. He is called by thy name, For He calls Himself a Lamb. He is meek, and He is mild; He became a little child. I a child, and thou a lamb, We are called by His name. Little Lamb, God bless thee! Little Lamb, God bless thee!

90. William Blake THE TYGER (from Songs Of Experience) Tyger! Tyger! burning bright In the forests of the night, What immortal hand or eye Could frame thy fearful symmetry? In what distant deeps or skies Burnt the fire of thine eyes? On what wings dare he aspire? What the hand dare sieze the fire?

91. And what shoulder, & what art. Could twist the sinews of thy heart? And when thy heart began to beat, What dread hand? & what dread feet? What the hammer? what the chain? In what furnace was thy brain? What the anvil? what dread grasp Dare its deadly terrors clasp? When the stars threw down their spears, And watered heaven with their tears, Did he smile his work to see? Did he who made the Lamb make thee? Tyger! Tyger! burning bright In the forests of the night, What immortal hand or eye Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?

92. William Blake to live a good life does not necessarily mean one must deny natural creative energy. The energy that Blake describes, that humans are taught to curb or restrain, is what causes the sense of evil as defined by orthodox Christianity, when in reality, it is that energy that gives humans creative power and true individuality. While that energy should be tamed, it should never be constrained.

93. Blake’s writing is more about universal balance – almost from an Eastern perspective as compared to Western religious teachings where everything is black and white. William Blake’s Proverbs of Hell endeavor to teach the value of experience beyond the five senses, to not deny natural desires, to resist prudence and see that active is preferred to passive living, to not resist the self and one’s accomplishments, and to recognize the hazards of religion and the herd mentality that it promotes.