1. Professor: Cheng-Ho Chen Student: Ying-Chen Lin Date: 2015/01/21

2. Introduction ٥ Doping of metal oxides into PANI is possible by electrochemical deposition, electroless precipitation, solution casting, and vacuum deposition techniques. ٥ A colloidal particle of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid is known as a steric stabilizer and has the potential to be dispersed finely in an aqueous medium due to their small size. ٥ Al 2 O 3 is the most widely used metal oxide since it has high compression strength, hardness, resistance to abrasion, resistance to chemical attack by a wide range of chemicals even at elevated temperatures.

3. Materials ٥ Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) ٥ Acrylic acid (AA) ٥ Potassium persulfate (KPS) ٥ aniline ٥ APS ٥ N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) ٥ Alumina ٥ DBSA ٥ N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) ٥ CH 3 ONa

4. Fig. 1. Polymerization of PANI in the presence of PNA/Al 2 O 3 microgels. (a) Incorporation of Al 2 O 3 into the PNA matrix. (b) Polymerization of aniline in the presence of DBSA and PNA/Al 2 O 3. (c) Formation of PANI– PNA/Al 2 O 3 thin films. Experimental

5. Results and discussion Fig. 2. Scanning electron micrographs for (a) PANI–PNA, (b) PANI–PNA/Al 2 O 3 (10%), and (c) PANI–PNA/Al 2 O 3 (30%) films.

6. Results and discussion Fig. 3. X-ray diffraction patterns for PANI–PNA, PANI–PNA/Al 2 O 3 (10%), and PANI–PNA/Al 2 O 3 (30%) films. 19  ： residual-ordered DBSA or PNA 25  ： crystalline PANDB

7. Fig. 4. X-ray photoelectron spectra for PANI–PNA, PANI–PNA/Al 2 O 3 (10%), and PANI–PNA/Al 2 O 3 (30%) powders. 285 and 399.5 eV ： polyaniline 167.95 eV ： R–SO 3 - in DBSA 531 and 74.4 eV ： Al–O–C complex.

8. Results and discussion Fig. 5. TGA curve of PANI–PNA, PANI–PNA/Al 2 O 3 (10%), and PANI–PNA/Al 2 O 3 (30%) films recorded under N 2 atmosphere at a heating rate of 10 C/min. 100°C ： gradual evaporation of moisture/PNA. 250–500°C ： thermo-chemical decomposition of the chemically active organic materials

9. Fig. 6. Temperature dependence of electrical resistance for the composites of PANI–PNA, PANI– PNA/Al 2 O 3 (5%), PANI–PNA/Al 2 O 3 (10%), PANI– PNA/Al 2 O 3 (20%), and PANI–PNA/Al 2 O 3 (30%). Fig. 7. Temperature dependence of DC conductivity for PANI–PNA, PANI–PNA/Al 2 O 3 (5%), PANI–PNA/Al 2 O 3 (10%),PANI– PNA/Al 2 O 3 (20%), and PANI–PNA/Al 2 O 3 (30%). Results and discussion

10. Conclusions ٥ New types of ternary PANI–PNA/Al 2 O 3 composites were synthesized in the presence of DBSA by means of the oxidative polymerization of aniline with different wt% of Al 2 O 3. ٥ The decrease in conductivity as the concentration of Al 2 O 3 increased.