1. Evolution Review

2. They are the youngest of all the layers. Organisms have evolved over time. 1.

3. 2. 4 1

4. 3. 4. 4 4

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6. They are in the lowest layer of sedimentary rock. 6.

7. 7. The term "evolution" is best described as (1)a process of change in a population through time (2)a process by which organisms become extinct (3)the reproductive isolation of members of certain species (4)the replacement of one community by another 1

8. 8. Which pair of structures are homologous? (1) wing of an insect and wing of a bird (2) tentacle of a hydra and flipper of a whale (3) front leg of an insect and bones in the leg of a human (4) bones in the front leg of a dog and bones in the wing of a bat 4

9. 9. Describe the conclusion that can be made about the fossils in layer A and layer B. Layer B contains younger fossils. Layer A contain older fossils. Layer B contains fossils from more complex organisms. Layer A contain fossils from less complex organisms.

10. 10. The diagram above shows a series of bone structures in four different species of vertebrates. Explain how these structures support the theory of organic evolution. The similarity in structure suggests that maybe these organisms evolved from a common ancestor.

11. 11. Which species is most closely related? How do you know? Human and Chimpanzee The sequence of amino acids is identical.

12. 12. For these mammals, the number, position, and shape of the bones most likely indicates that they may have (1) developed in a common environment (2) developed from the same earlier species (3) identical genetic makeup (4) identical methods of obtaining food 2

13. 13. In undisturbed layers of rock, fossils of horseshoe crabs may be found in the upper layer, and a lower layer contains fossils of trilobites. Trilobites are extinct aquatic arthropods resembling modem horseshoe crabs. This information suggests that (1)horseshoe crabs will soon become extinct (2)horseshoe crabs and trilobites are completely unrelated organisms (3) horseshoe crabs may have evolved from trilobites (4) trilobites may have evolved from horseshoe crabs 3

14. 14. Describe Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection. Organisms with favorable adaptations will survive, reproduce and pass on the trait to offspring. Organisms with unfavorable adaptations will not survive. Therefore that trait will not be passed on to offspring.

15. 15. Identify The parts to Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection. a. Differences among the organisms within a species exists. b. A species produces more offspring than can actually survive. c. Organisms will struggle with each other for limited resources. d. Overtime, a species can evolve into different species. e. Organisms that are most fit will survive, reproduce and pass on the trait to offspring. variation overproduction competition speciation Natural selection

16. 16. Which concept would be correctly placed in box X? (1) use and disuse (2) variation (3) transmission of acquired traits (4) changes in nucleic acids 2

17. 17. What part of Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection is this diagram representing? 18. Which has the favorable adaptation? How do you know? variation Medium size mice because they are able to survive better.

18. 19. The diversity within the wild bird species in the diagram below can best be explained by which process? (1) natural selection (3) ecological succession (2) asexual reproduction (4) mitotic cell division 1

19. 20. Why is there a branching pattern in the circled region labeled X? 1.Changes in the environment caused some species to become extinct. 2.Different species evolved because of inbreeding 3.There were no new species evolving at this time. 4.Changes in the environment caused some different species to develop. 4

20. 21. Which of the following is most likely to cause an organism to become extinct? 1.A mutation develops. 2.The major change in the environment occurs and organisms cannot adapt. 3.DNA is not readily passed on to offspring. 4.Malnutrition occurs over an organism’s lifetime. 2

21. 22. The diagram below shows the effect of spraying a pesticide on a population of insects over three generations. Which concept is represented in the diagram? 1. survival of the fittest2. dynamic equilibrium 3. succession4. extinction 1

22. 23. Studies of the finches of the Galapagos Islands have shown that 1.DNA will change to produce structures needed by birds to survive intense competition 2.a bird’s beak changes annually in response to the type of food that is most abundant each year 3.natural selection occurs when there are scarce resources and intense competition 4.the beak of a finch will change if the environment of the bird remains stable 3

23. 24. Which statement about the species is correct? (1) Species A, B, C, and D came from different ancestors. (2) Species C evolved from species B. (3) Species A, B, and C can interbreed successfully. (4) Species A became extinct. 4

24. 25. Which letter represents a common ancestor for species C and E? 26. Which species are least likely to be vital parts of a present-day ecosystem? K E and J

25. 27. Which statement could best be inferred from the information in this diagram? (1) Evolution does not involve gradual change. (2) Evolutionary changes can result in extinction. (3) Evolution begins with plants. (4) Evolution produces organisms that all fill the same niche. 2

26. 28. Which population of organisms would be in greatest danger of becoming extinct? (1)A population of organisms having few variations living in a unchanging environment. (2) A population of organisms having few variations living in an changing environment. (3)A population of organisms having many variations living in a unchanging environment. (4)A population of organisms having many variations living in an changing environment. 2

27. 29. The diagram below shows the head structure of four different birds. The birds’ beaks show how the birds (1) compete for the same food in their community (2) require different amounts of food for survival (3) store food for the winter months (4) are adapted to get food from different sources 4

28. 30. The drawing below shows a woodpecker using its long, sharp beak to obtain insects. What factor might contribute to the extinction of this species of woodpecker? (1) a new source of food (2) an overabundance of trees (3) the use of pesticides in the forest (4) an increase in the population of insects 3

29. 31. The eyes of the owl and the rabbit shown in the diagram below give each animal a different advantage. The front-facing owl eyes allow the bird to accurately judge distance when swooping in on prey. The side-facing rabbit eyes allow the animal to detect the motion of possible predators. The specialized eye types of these animals are examples of (1) disruptions of the natural balance (2) the interdependence of living things (3) adaptations for survival under certain conditions (4) involuntary responses to stimuli 3

30. Preserved in Amber Sap is a substance secreted by some trees. Many years ago, plants and small animals were caught in the sap on the trees. Sap hardens and turns into a clear substance called amber. The plants or animals are preserved as fossils in the amber. Part of a plant preserved in amber is shown below. 32. Explain why fossils are important to scientists. They represent evidence to support evolution. They show that organisms have evolved over time.

31. 33. The diagram below shows two different-colored moths resting on a tree trunk. How does this difference in pattern and color affect the moths’ ability to survive in the environment? The darker moth can blend on to the tree and hide from predators. This is a favorable adaptation. The light colored ones will most likely be eaten by predators and this trait will disappear over time.

32. 34. According to the theory of natural selection, why are some individuals more likely than others to survive and reproduce? (1)Some individuals pass on to their offspring new characteristics they have acquired during their lifetimes. (2)Some individuals are better adapted to exist in their environment than others are. (3)Some individuals do not pass on to their offspring new characteristics they have acquired during their lifetimes. (4)Some individuals tend to produce fewer offspring than others in the same environment. 2

33. 35. Darwin's studies of finches on the Galapagos Islands suggest that the finches' differences in beak structure were most directly due to (1.) acquired characteristics in the parent finches (2.) the size of the island where the finches live (3.) mating behaviors of the different finch species (4.) adaptations of the finches to different environments 4

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