1. Sex-biased predation in dioecious willow - The long reach of plant genes Johan A. Stenberg Md. Faisal Kabir, Kim Karlsson Moritz & Johan A. Stenberg

2. Plants provide carnivores with: ResourcesInformation

3. Extended phenotype: All effects that genes have on their environment

5. Study system: dioecious willow Salix cinerea ♂♀ Phratora vulgatissima Anthocoris nemorum

6. Sex-biased insect densities in the field

7. Sex-biased predation in the field Male Female n = 22 plants Female Male

8. Sex-biased herbivore performance?

9. Sex-biased herbivore preference?

10. Sex-biased predator performance?

11. Sex-biased predator preference?

12. Summary + discussion 1.Female plants harbor higher densities of the herbivore and its omnivorous predator in the field. 2.The herbivore prefers female plants despite high predation pressure on females. 3.The omnivorous predators perform better on male plants. 4.The herbivore probably prefers female plants as the arena for interactions with the predator since female plants are suboptimal for the predator.

13. Tentative conclusions 1.The insects preference for female plants seems to be adaptive. 2.The extended phenotype of Salix cinerea structures the ecological interactions between herbivores and predators.

14. Work continues in PhD project 30 fields. 20 male, 20 female genotypes. Male, female and mixed fields. Interactions within fields. Effects on neighbouring strawberries. Kim Karlsson Moritz

15. Acknowledgements Kwabena Baffoe Christer Björkman Tina Boddum Peter Dalin Karin Eklund Robert Glinwood Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto Faisal Kabir Kim Karlsson Moritz Sharmin Kawshar Anna Lehrman Göran Nordlander Colin Orians Amy Parachnowitsch Jörg Stephan Mikaela Torp Göran Ågren The Swedish Research Council Formas The Swedish Research Council VR The Swedish Energy Agency The Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry NL-faculty (SLU) The Foundation in Memory of Oscar and Lili Lamm Carl Trygger Foundation

16. Importance for short rotation coppice - Plantations are unisexual. - Choosing the ’right’ plant sex is an important part of IPM.